Ili ndi gawo lachitatu la magawo atatu onena za kukonzanso kwa Derek Pratt kwa John Harrison's Longitude Award-wopambana Mphotho ya H4 (machronometer oyambirira olondola padziko lonse lapansi).Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa koyamba mu The Horological Journal (HJ) mu Epulo 2015, ndipo tikuwathokoza chifukwa chopereka chilolezo chosindikizanso pa Quill & Pad.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za Derek Pratt, onani moyo ndi nthawi za wojambula wodziyimira pawokha Derek Pratt, kukonzanso kwa Derek Pratt kwa John Harrison H4, dziko The first precision marine astronomical wotchi (gawo 1 la 3), ndi John Harrison's H4 ya the thireyi ya diamondi yomangidwanso ndi Derek Pratt, chronometer yoyamba yolondola padziko lonse lapansi (gawo 2, Pali magawo atatu onse).
Titapanga thireyi ya diamondi, timapitilira kuti tipeze wotchiyo, ngakhale popanda remontoir, ndipo miyala yonse yamtengo wapatali isanathe.
Gudumu lalikulu (50.90 mm m'mimba mwake) limapangidwa ndi zida zolimba, zowuma komanso zopukutidwa.Gudumu limamangidwa pakati pa mbale ziwiri kuti liwumitse, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa mapindikidwe.
Derek Pratt's H4's H4 wheel hard wheel ikuwonetsa bwino pambuyo pake, ndi antchito ndi chuck m'malo.
Choyimira bwino ndi chowonda 21.41 mm mandrel chokhala ndi chiuno chozungulira mpaka 0.4 mm pakukweza thireyi ndi chuck.Ogwira ntchito amayatsa lathe la wopanga mawotchi ndikumaliza motsatana.Chovala chamkuwa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa pallet chimayikidwa kwa wogwira ntchito ndi pini yogawanika, ndipo phale limalowetsedwa mu dzenje looneka ngati D mu chuck.
Mabowowa amapangidwa pa mbale yamkuwa pogwiritsa ntchito EDM yathu (makina otulutsa magetsi).Elekitirodi yamkuwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a pallet amamizidwa mumkuwa, ndiye dzenje ndi mawonekedwe akunja a wogwira ntchitoyo amakonzedwa pa makina opangira mphero a CNC.
Kumaliza komaliza kwa chuck kumachitika ndi dzanja pogwiritsa ntchito fayilo ndi chopukutira chachitsulo, ndipo dzenje logawanika limapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kubowola kwa Archimedes.Uku ndikuphatikiza kosangalatsa kwa ntchito zapamwamba komanso zotsika!
Chitsime chokhazikika chimakhala ndi mabwalo atatu athunthu ndi mchira wautali wowongoka.Kasupe ndi wocheperako, mapeto a stud ndi okhuthala, ndipo pakati amalowera ku chuck.Anthony Randall anatipatsa chitsulo cha 0.8% cha carbon, chomwe chinakokedwa kukhala gawo lathyathyathya kenako ndikupukutidwa kukhala koni yolingana ndi kasupe woyambira wa H4.Kasupe wocheperako amayikidwa muzitsulo zakale kuti awumitse.
Tili ndi zithunzi zabwino za kasupe koyambirira, zomwe zimatilola kujambula mawonekedwe ndi CNC mphero zakale.Ndi kasupe waufupi wotere, anthu angayembekezere kuti kutsetsereka kugwedezeka mwamphamvu pamene ogwira ntchito aima mowongoka koma osakakamizidwa ndi zodzikongoletsera pamlatho wokwanira.Komabe, chifukwa mchira wautali ndi kasupe wa tsitsi zimakhala zowonda, ngati gudumu loyendera bwino ndi tsitsi latsitsi zimayikidwa kuti zigwedezeke, zimangothandizidwa pa pivot yapansi, ndipo miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe ili pamwambayi imachotsedwa, shaft yokhazikika idzakhala yokhazikika modabwitsa.
Gudumu loyendera bwino ndi tsitsi latsitsi lili ndi vuto lalikulu lolumikizana, monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa kutsitsi lalifupi, koma izi zimachepetsedwa ndi makulidwe a tapered ndi mchira wautali watsitsi.
Lolani wotchiyo ikuyenda, yoyendetsedwa molunjika kuchokera ku sitima, ndipo gawo lotsatira ndikupanga ndikuyika remontoir.Mzere wozungulira wachinayi ndi njira yosangalatsa yanjira zitatu.Panthawiyi, pali mawilo atatu a coaxial: gudumu lachinayi, gudumu lowerengera ndi masekondi apakati oyendetsa galimoto.
Gudumu lachitatu lodulidwa mkati limayendetsa gudumu lachinayi mwachizolowezi, lomwe limayendetsanso dongosolo la remontoir lomwe lili ndi gudumu lotsekera ndi flywheel.Gudumu la gyro limayendetsedwa ndi spindle yachinayi kudzera mu kasupe wa remontoir, ndipo gudumu la gyro limayendetsa gudumu lothawa.
Pakulumikizana kozungulira kwachinayi, dalaivala amaperekedwa ku remontoir, gudumu la contrate ndi gudumu lachiwiri lapakati pakukonzanso kwa Derek Pratt's H4.
Pali wowonda wowonda mandrel counterclockwise, kudutsa mandrel dzenje la gudumu lachinayi, ndipo dzanja lachiwiri gudumu loyendetsa anaika pa counterclockwise oyimba mbali.
Kasupe wa Remontoir amapangidwa kuchokera ku mainspring a wotchi.Ndi 1.45 mm kutalika, 0.08 mm wandiweyani, ndipo pafupifupi 160 mm kutalika.Kasupe amakhazikika mu khola lamkuwa lomwe limayikidwa pazitsulo zachinayi.Kasupe ayenera kuikidwa mu khola ngati koyilo yotseguka, osati pakhoma la mbiya monga momwe zimakhalira mu mbiya ya wotchi.Kuti tikwaniritse izi, tidagwiritsa ntchito zofanana ndi zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga akasupe olinganiza kuti tiyike kasupe wa remontoir kukhala wolondola.
Kutulutsidwa kwa Remontoir kumayendetsedwa ndi pivoting pawl, gudumu lotsekera ndi flywheel yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa remontoir rewind.Pawl ili ndi mikono isanu yoyikidwa pa mandrel;mkono umodzi umagwira dzanja, ndipo dzanja limagwira ndi pini yotulutsa pa mandrel wina.Kumwamba kukazungulira, imodzi mwa mapini ake imakweza phawl pang'onopang'ono pamalo pomwe mkono wina umatulutsira loko.Kenako gudumu lotsekera limatha kuzunguliridwa momasuka kwa kutembenuka kumodzi kuti kasupe abwererenso.
Dzanja lachitatu lili ndi chodzigudubuza chomangika pa kamera yoyikidwa pa ekisi yokhoma.Izi zimapangitsa kuti pawl ndi pawl kutali ndi njira ya pini yotulutsa pamene kubwereranso kumachitika, ndipo gudumu lakumbuyo limazungulirabe.Mikono iwiri yotsala pa pawl ndi yopingasa yomwe imayendetsa pawl.
Magawo onsewa ndi osalimba kwambiri ndipo amafuna kusanja mosamala ndi kusanja, koma amagwira ntchito mogwira mtima kwambiri.Tsamba lowuluka ndi 0.1 mm wandiweyani, koma lili ndi malo okulirapo;izi zidakhala zovutirapo chifukwa abwana apakati ndi munthu wanyengo.
Remontoir ndi makina anzeru omwe ndi osangalatsa chifukwa amabwerera m'mbuyo masekondi 7.5 aliwonse, kotero simuyenera kudikirira kwa nthawi yayitali!
Mu April 1891, James U. Poole anakonzanso H4 yoyambirira ndipo analemba lipoti lochititsa chidwi la ntchito yake ya mu Watch Magazine.Polankhula za makina a remontoir, iye anati: “Harrison akufotokoza kapangidwe ka wotchiyo.Ndinayenera kufunafuna njira zoyesera zovuta, ndipo kwa masiku angapo ndinali wofunitsitsa kuti ndithe kuziphatikizanso.Sitima yapamtunda ya remontoir Zochitazo ndizodabwitsa kwambiri kotero kuti ngakhale mutaziyang'ana mosamala, simungathe kuzimvetsa bwino.Ndikukayika ngati n’kothandizadi.”
Munthu womvetsa chisoni!Ndimakonda kukhulupirika kwake momasuka pakulimbana, mwina tonse takhala ndi zokhumudwitsa zofanana pa benchi!
Kusuntha kwa ola ndi mphindi ndikwakale, koyendetsedwa ndi zida zazikulu zomwe zimayikidwa pakati pa spindle, koma dzanja lapakati la masekondi limanyamulidwa ndi gudumu lomwe lili pakati pa zida zazikulu ndi gudumu la ola.Magudumu apakati apakati amazungulira pa giya yayikulu ndipo amayendetsedwa ndi gudumu lowerengera lomwelo lomwe limayikidwa kumapeto kwa chopondera.
Kuyenda kwa Derek Pratt's H4 H4 kukuwonetsa kuyendetsa kwa giya yayikulu, gudumu lamphindi ndi gudumu lapakati lachiwiri.
Kuzama kwa dalaivala wapakati wachiwiri ndi wozama momwe mungathere kuti dzanja lachiwiri lisakhale "jitter" pamene likuthamanga, koma liyeneranso kuthamanga momasuka.Pa H4 yoyambirira, makulidwe a gudumu loyendetsa ndi 0.11 mm lalikulu kuposa la gudumu loyendetsedwa, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mano ndi komweko.Zikuwoneka kuti kuya kumapangidwa mwadala mozama kwambiri, ndiyeno gudumu loyendetsedwa ndi "pamwamba" kuti lipereke mlingo wofunikira wa ufulu.Tinatsatira ndondomeko yofanana kuti tilole kuthamanga kwaulere ndi chilolezo chochepa.
Gwiritsani ntchito chida chowongolera kuti mupeze kachipangizo kakang'ono kwambiri mukayendetsa masekondi apakati pa dzanja la Derek Pratt H4
Derek wamaliza manja atatu, koma amafunikira kusanja.Daniela anagwira ntchito pa ola ndi mphindi manja, kupukuta, kenako kuumitsa ndi kupsya mtima, ndipo potsiriza buluu mu mchere buluu.Dzanja lapakati lapakati limapukutidwa m'malo mwa buluu.
Poyamba Harrison anakonza zoti agwiritse ntchito rack ndi pinion adjuster mu H4, yomwe inali yofala m'mawotchi a m'mphepete mwa nthawiyo, ndipo monga momwe tawonetsera mu chimodzi mwa zojambula zomwe Komiti ya Longitude inkayendera wotchiyo.Ayenera kuti adasiya rack msanga, ngakhale adagwiritsa ntchito muwotchi ya Jefferys ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito chowongolera cha bimetallic kwa nthawi yoyamba mu H3.
Derek ankafuna kuyesa makonzedwe awa ndipo anapanga choyikapo ndi pinion ndikuyamba kupanga zingwe zolipira.
H4 yoyambirira ikadali ndi pinion yoyika mbale yosinthira, koma ilibe choyikapo.Popeza H4 ilibe choyika pakali pano, adaganiza zopanga kope.Ngakhale rack ndi pinion ndizosavuta kusintha, Harrison ayenera kuti adapeza kuti ndizosavuta kusuntha ndikusokoneza liwiro.Wotchiyo tsopano ikhoza kuvulazidwa momasuka ndipo imayikidwa mosamala kuti ikhale yoyenera masika.Njira yokwezera ya stud imatha kusinthidwa mbali iliyonse;izi zimathandiza kuyika pakatikati pa kasupe kuti bala lolingana liyime pomwe likupumula.
Njira yolipiridwa ndi kutentha imakhala ndi mipiringidzo yamkuwa ndi zitsulo zokhazikika pamodzi ndi ma rivets 15.Pini yotchinga kumapeto kwa mpata wobwezerayo imazungulira masika.Pamene kutentha kumakwera, chotchingacho chimapindika kuti chifupikitse kutalika kwa kasupe.
Harrison ankayembekezera kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a kumbuyo kwa thireyi kuti akonze zolakwika za isochronous, koma adapeza kuti izi sizinali zokwanira, ndipo adawonjezera zomwe adazitcha "cycloid" pini.Izi zimasinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi mchira wa masika oyenerera ndikufulumizitsa kugwedezeka ndi matalikidwe osankhidwa.
Panthawiyi, mbale yapamwamba imaperekedwa kwa Charles Scarr kuti ajambule.Derek anapempha kuti dzina lake lilembedwe ngati loyambirira, koma dzina lake linalembedwa m'mphepete mwa skateboard pafupi ndi siginecha ya Harrison komanso pa mlatho wachitatu.Mawuwo akuti: "Derek Pratt 2004-Chas Frodsham & Co AD2014."
Zolemba: "Derek Pratt 2004 - Chas Frodsham & Co 2014", yogwiritsidwa ntchito pomanganso H4 ya Derek Pratt
Pambuyo pobweretsa kasupe wapakati pafupi ndi kukula kwa kasupe koyambirira, nthawi ya wotchiyo pochotsa zinthu kuchokera pansi pazitsulo, ndikupangitsa kuti chiwerengerocho chikhale chokulirapo kuti izi zitheke.Witschi wotchi yowerengera ndiyothandiza kwambiri pankhaniyi chifukwa imatha kukhazikitsidwa kuti iyese kuchuluka kwa ulonda pambuyo pakusintha kulikonse.
Izi ndizosazolowereka, koma zimapereka njira yoyendetsera bwino kwambiri.Pamene kulemera kunasuntha pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pansi pa gudumu lachitsulo, mafupipafupi anali kuyandikira nthawi za 18,000 pa ola, ndiyeno chowerengera chinayikidwa ku 18,000 ndipo cholakwika cha wotchiyo chikhoza kuwerengedwa.
Chithunzi chomwe chili pamwambachi chikuwonetsa njira ya wotchiyo ikayamba kuchokera kumtunda wochepa ndipo kenako imakhazikika mofulumira ku matalikidwe ake ogwiritsira ntchito pamlingo wokhazikika.Kufufuza kukuwonetsanso kuti remontoir imabwereranso masekondi 7.5 aliwonse.Wotchiyo idayesedwanso pa chowerengera chakale cha Greiner Chronographic pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala.Makinawa ali ndi ntchito yoyika kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono.Pamene chakudya cha pepala chikucheperachepera kakhumi, cholakwikacho chimakulitsidwa kakhumi.Kukonzekera uku kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuyesa wotchi kwa ola limodzi kapena kuposerapo osamira mukuzama kwa pepala!
Mayesero a nthawi yayitali adawonetsa kusintha kwina kwa liwiro, ndipo adapeza kuti pakati pagalimoto yachiwiri ndi yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa imafunikira mafuta pamagetsi akuluakulu, koma iyenera kukhala mafuta opepuka kwambiri, kuti asapangitse kukana kwambiri komanso chepetsani malire.Mafuta otsika kwambiri a viscosity watch omwe tingapeze ndi Moebius D1, omwe ali ndi viscosity ya 32 centistokes pa 20 ° C;izi zimagwira ntchito bwino.
Wotchi ilibe kusintha kwanthawi yayitali monga idakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pake mu H5, kotero ndikosavuta kusintha pang'ono singano ya cycloidal kuti muwongolere liwiro.Pini ya cycloidal idayesedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo posakhalitsa imakhudza kasupe pakupuma kwake, komanso panali mipata yosiyana pazikhomo zotchinga.
Zikuoneka kuti palibe malo abwino, koma amaikidwa kumene mlingo wa kusintha ndi matalikidwe ochepa.Kusintha kwa mlingo ndi matalikidwe kumasonyeza kuti remontoir n'kofunika kuti kusalaza bwino zimachitika.Mosiyana ndi James Poole, tikuganiza kuti remontoir ndiyothandiza kwambiri!
Wotchiyi inali itayamba kale kugwira ntchito mu January 2014, koma pakufunikabe kusintha.Mphamvu yomwe ilipo ya kuthawa imadalira akasupe anayi osiyana mu ulonda, zonse zomwe ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi wina ndi mzake: mainspring, mphamvu yamagetsi, remontoir spring, ndi balance spring.Mainspring atha kukhazikitsidwa momwe amafunikira, ndiyeno kasupe wogwirizira yemwe amapereka torque pomwe wotchiyo ili ndi bala iyenera kukhala yokwanira kulimbitsanso kasupe wa remontoir.
The matalikidwe a gudumu bwino zimadalira zoikamo remontoir kasupe.Zosintha zina zimafunikira, makamaka pakati pa kasupe wokonza ndi kasupe wa remontoir, kuti muthe kukhazikika bwino ndikupeza mphamvu zokwanira pakuthawa.Kusintha kulikonse kwa kasupe wokonza kumatanthawuza kusokoneza wotchi yonse.
Mu February 2014, wotchiyo inapita ku Greenwich kuti ikajambulidwe ndi kujambulidwa kuti iwonetsere "Explore Longitude-Ship Clock and Stars".Vidiyo yomaliza yosonyezedwa pachionetserocho inafotokoza bwino wotchiyo ndipo inasonyeza mbali zonse zikusonkhanitsidwa.
Nthawi yoyesera ndi kusintha inachitika ulonda usanaperekedwe ku Greenwich mu June 2014. Panalibe nthawi yoyesera kutentha koyenera ndipo zinapezeka kuti wotchiyo inalipiridwa mopitirira malire, koma inayendetsa msonkhanowo pa kutentha kofanana. .Ikagwira ntchito mosasokonezeka kwa masiku 9, inkakhala mkati mwa masekondi kapena kuchotsera masekondi awiri patsiku.Kuti ipambane mphoto ya £20,000, ikufunika kusunga nthawi mkati kapena kuchotsera masekondi 2.8 patsiku paulendo wa milungu isanu ndi umodzi wopita ku West Indies.
Kumaliza H4 ya Derek Pratt kwakhala pulojekiti yosangalatsa yokhala ndi zovuta zambiri.Ku Frodshams, nthawi zonse timamupatsa Derek kuwunika kwakukulu, kaya monga wopanga mawotchi kapena wothandizana nawo bwino.Nthawi zonse amauza ena zomwe akudziwa komanso nthawi yake kuti athandize ena.
Luso la Derek ndilabwino kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri, wawononga nthawi ndi mphamvu zambiri popititsa patsogolo pulojekiti yake ya H4.Tikuganiza kuti adzakhutira ndi zotsatira zomaliza ndipo ali okondwa kusonyeza wotchi kwa aliyense.
Wotchiyo idawonetsedwa ku Greenwich kuyambira Julayi 2014 mpaka Januware 2015 ndi zowonera nthawi zonse zisanu za Harrison ndi ntchito zina zambiri zosangalatsa.Chiwonetserocho chinayambitsa ulendo wapadziko lonse ndi Derek's H4, kuyambira March mpaka September 2015 ku Folger Shakespeare Library ku Washington, DC;kutsatiridwa ndi Mystic Seaport, Connecticut, kuyambira November 2015 mpaka April 2016;ndiye Kuyambira May 2016 mpaka October 2016, pitani ku Australian Maritime Museum ku Sydney.
Kumaliza kwa Derek's H4 kunali kuyesayesa kwamagulu kwa aliyense ku Frodshams.Tidalandiranso thandizo lofunika kuchokera kwa Anthony Randall, Jonathan Hird ndi anthu ena ogwira ntchito zowonera omwe adathandizira Derek ndi ife kumaliza ntchitoyi.Ndikufunanso kuthokoza Martin Dorsch chifukwa cha thandizo lake pa kujambula kwa nkhanizi.
Quill & Pad ikufunanso kuthokoza The Horological Journal potilola kuti tisindikizenso zolemba zitatu za mndandanda uno.Ngati mudaziphonya, mungakondenso: Moyo ndi nthawi za wojambula wodziyimira pawokha wodziwika Derek Pratt (Derek Pratt) Kumanganso John Harrison (John Harrison) ) H4, machronometer olondola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi (gawo 1 la 3) la Derek Pratt. (Derek Pratt) kuti amangenso John Harrison (John Harrison) kuti apange thireyi ya diamondi H4, chronometer yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi A precision marine chronometer (gawo 2 la 3)
pepani.Ndikuyang'ana mnzanga wakusukulu Martin Dorsch, ndi wopanga mawotchi waku Germany wochokera ku Regensburg.Ngati mukumudziwa, mungamuuzeko zomwe ndikukumana nazo?Zikomo!Zheng Junyu