Tekinoloje yosungirako mphamvu iyi idapambana Mphotho Yabwino Kwambiri ya 2022 EU, yotsika mtengo nthawi 40 kuposa batri ya lithiamu-ion.

Kusungirako mphamvu zotentha pogwiritsa ntchito silicon ndi ferrosilicon monga sing'anga imatha kusunga mphamvu pamtengo wochepera ma euro 4 pa kilowatt-ola, zomwe ndi nthawi 100.

yotsika mtengo kuposa batire ya lithiamu-ion yomwe ilipo.Pambuyo powonjezera chidebe ndi chosanjikiza chotchinjiriza, mtengo wonse ukhoza kukhala pafupifupi ma euro 10 pa ola la kilowatt,

zomwe ndi zotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa batire ya lithiamu ya 400 euro pa kilowatt-ola.

Kupanga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, kumanga machitidwe atsopano amagetsi ndikuthandizira kusungirako mphamvu ndi chopinga chomwe chiyenera kugonjetsedwa.

Mkhalidwe wa kunja kwa bokosi la magetsi ndi kusakhazikika kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa monga photovoltaic ndi mphamvu yamphepo zimapangitsa kupezeka ndi kufunikira.

ya magetsi nthawi zina sagwirizana.Pakalipano, malamulo otere amatha kusinthidwa ndi magetsi a malasha ndi gasi kapena magetsi a hydropower kuti akwaniritse bata.

ndi kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu.Koma m'tsogolomu, ndikuchotsa mphamvu zakufa komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zowonjezera, kusungirako mphamvu zotsika mtengo komanso zogwira mtima.

kasinthidwe ndiye chinsinsi.

Tekinoloje yosungiramo mphamvu imagawidwa makamaka kusungirako mphamvu zakuthupi, kusungirako mphamvu ya electrochemical, kusungirako mphamvu zotentha komanso kusungirako mphamvu zama mankhwala.

Monga kusungirako mphamvu zamakina ndi kusungirako pompopompo kumakhala kwaukadaulo wosungira mphamvu zamagetsi.Njira yosungira mphamvuyi ili ndi mtengo wotsika komanso

kutembenuka mtima kwakukulu, koma polojekitiyi ndi yaikulu, yoletsedwa ndi malo, komanso nthawi yomangayi ndi yaitali kwambiri.Ndizovuta kutero

sinthani nsonga yometa nsonga ya mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa posungira popopera.

Pakadali pano, kusungidwa kwamagetsi a electrochemical ndikotchuka, komanso ndiukadaulo watsopano wosungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi.Mphamvu zamagetsi

yosungirako makamaka zochokera lithiamu-ion mabatire.Pofika kumapeto kwa 2021, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zosungirako mphamvu zatsopano padziko lapansi kwadutsa 25 miliyoni.

kilowatts, yomwe gawo la msika la mabatire a lithiamu-ion lafika 90%.Izi ndichifukwa cha chitukuko chachikulu cha magalimoto amagetsi, omwe amapereka a

zochitika zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito malonda a electrochemical mphamvu yosungirako kutengera mabatire a lithiamu-ion.

Komabe, teknoloji yosungira mphamvu ya lithiamu-ion, monga mtundu wa batri ya galimoto, si vuto lalikulu, koma padzakhala mavuto ambiri zikafika

kuthandizira kusungirako mphamvu kwa gridi kwanthawi yayitali.Limodzi ndi vuto la chitetezo ndi mtengo.Ngati mabatire a lithiamu ion ayikidwa pamlingo waukulu, mtengowo umachulukirachulukira,

ndi chitetezo chifukwa cha kutentha kudzikundikira ndi yaikulu chobisika ngozi.Zina ndikuti zida za lithiamu ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo magalimoto amagetsi sakwanira,

ndipo kufunika kosungira mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali sikungatheke.

Momwe mungathetsere zovuta zenizeni komanso zachangu izi?Tsopano asayansi ambiri amayang'ana kwambiri paukadaulo wosungira mphamvu zamagetsi.Zopambana zapangidwa mkati

matekinoloje oyenerera ndi kafukufuku.

Mu Novembala 2022, European Commission idalengeza za projekiti yopambana ya "EU 2022 Innovation Radar Award", momwe "AMADEUS"

pulojekiti ya batri yopangidwa ndi gulu la Madrid Institute of Technology ku Spain idapambana Mphotho Yabwino Kwambiri ya EU mu 2022.

"Amadeus" ndi mtundu wosinthika wa batri.Ntchitoyi, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kusunga mphamvu zambiri kuchokera ku mphamvu zowonjezereka, inasankhidwa ndi European

Commission ngati imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zopangidwa mu 2022.

Batire yamtunduwu yopangidwa ndi gulu la asayansi aku Spain imasunga mphamvu yochulukirapo yomwe imapangidwa ngati mphamvu yadzuwa kapena mphepo imakhala yokwera ngati mphamvu yotentha.

Kutentha uku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa zinthu (silicon alloy imaphunziridwa mu polojekitiyi) mpaka madigiri 1000 Celsius.Dongosolo lili ndi chidebe chapadera ndi

kutentha kwa photovoltaic mbale yoyang'ana mkati, yomwe imatha kumasula mbali ya mphamvu yosungidwa pamene mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yaikulu.

Ofufuzawo anagwiritsa ntchito fanizo pofotokoza zimene zimachitika kuti: “Zili ngati kuika dzuŵa m’bokosi.”Dongosolo lawo likhoza kusintha kusungirako mphamvu.Lili ndi mwayi waukulu

kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi ndipo chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti polojekiti ya "Amadeus" ikhale yosiyana ndi mapulojekiti oposa 300 omwe atumizidwa.

ndipo adapambana Mphotho Yabwino Kwambiri ya EU.

Wokonza za EU Innovation Radar Award anafotokoza kuti: "Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti imapereka dongosolo lotsika mtengo lomwe lingathe kusunga mphamvu zambiri kwa

nthawi yayitali.Imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, imakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zokwanira komanso zotsika mtengo.Ndi modular system, yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo imatha kupereka

kutentha koyera ndi magetsi pakufunika.”

Ndiye, kodi lusoli limagwira ntchito bwanji?Kodi tsogolo la ntchito ndi ziyembekezo zamalonda ndi ziti?

Kunena mwachidule, dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yochulukirapo yopangidwa ndi mphamvu zongowonjezera pang'ono (monga mphamvu yadzuwa kapena mphamvu yamphepo) kusungunula zitsulo zotsika mtengo,

monga pakachitsulo kapena ferrosilicon, ndipo kutentha ndi apamwamba kuposa 1000 ℃.Silicon alloy imatha kusunga mphamvu zambiri pakuphatikiza kwake.

Mphamvu yamtunduwu imatchedwa "latent heat".Mwachitsanzo, lita imodzi ya silicon (pafupifupi 2.5 kg) imasunga mphamvu yoposa 1 kilowatt-ola (1 kilowatt-hour) mu mawonekedwe.

Kutentha kobisika, komwe kuli ndendende mphamvu yomwe ili mu lita imodzi ya haidrojeni pa 500 bar pressure.Komabe, mosiyana ndi hydrogen, silicon imatha kusungidwa mumlengalenga

kupanikizika, zomwe zimapangitsa dongosolo kukhala lotsika mtengo komanso lotetezeka.

Chinsinsi cha dongosololi ndi momwe mungasinthire kutentha kosungidwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi.Silicon ikasungunuka pa kutentha kopitilira 1000 º C, imawala ngati dzuwa.

Choncho, maselo a photovoltaic angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutembenuza kutentha kowala kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi.

Jenereta yotchedwa thermal photovoltaic generator ili ngati kachipangizo kakang'ono kakang'ono ka photovoltaic, kamene kamatha kupanga mphamvu zokwana 100 kuposa zomera zamakono za dzuwa.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati sikweya mita imodzi ya solar panel imapanga ma watts 200, mita imodzi ya matenthedwe a photovoltaic amatulutsa ma kilowatts 20.Osati kokha

mphamvu, komanso kutembenuka dzuwa ndi apamwamba.Kuchita bwino kwa ma cell matenthedwe a photovoltaic kuli pakati pa 30% ndi 40%, zomwe zimatengera kutentha.

wa gwero la kutentha.Mosiyana ndi izi, mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi za photovoltaic zili pakati pa 15% ndi 20%.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa matenthedwe opangira magetsi a photovoltaic m'malo mwa injini zotentha zachikhalidwe kumapewa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosuntha, zamadzimadzi komanso zosinthira kutentha.Mwa njira iyi,

dongosolo lonse likhoza kukhala lachuma, lophatikizana komanso lopanda phokoso.

Malingana ndi kafukufuku, maselo obisika a photovoltaic amatha kusunga mphamvu zambiri zotsalira zowonjezera.

Alejandro Data, wofufuza yemwe anatsogolera ntchitoyi, anati: “Gawo lalikulu la magetsi amenewa amapangidwa pakakhala kuti pali ochuluka pakupanga magetsi opangidwa ndi mphepo ndi mphepo.

kotero idzagulitsidwa pamtengo wotsika kwambiri pamsika wamagetsi.Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga magetsi otsalawa panjira yotsika mtengo kwambiri.Ndizofunika kwambiri

kusunga magetsi otsala m’njira ya kutentha, chifukwa ndi imodzi mwa njira zotsika mtengo kwambiri zosungira mphamvu.”

2. Ndiotsika mtengo nthawi 40 kuposa batire ya lithiamu-ion

Makamaka, silicon ndi ferrosilicon zimatha kusunga mphamvu pamtengo wochepera ma euro 4 pa kilowatt-ola, yomwe ndi yotsika mtengo nthawi 100 kuposa lifiyamu-ion yokhazikika.

batire.Mukawonjezera chidebe ndi chosanjikiza chotsekereza, mtengo wonse udzakhala wapamwamba.Komabe, malinga ndi kafukufuku, ngati dongosolo ndi lalikulu mokwanira, kawirikawiri zambiri

kuposa 10 megawatt maola, mwina kufika mtengo pafupifupi 10 mayuro pa kilowatt ola, chifukwa mtengo wa kutchinjiriza matenthedwe adzakhala gawo laling'ono la okwana.

mtengo wa ndondomeko.Komabe, mtengo wa batri ya lithiamu ndi pafupifupi ma euro 400 pa kilowatt-ola.

Vuto limodzi lomwe dongosololi limakumana nalo ndikuti gawo laling'ono chabe la kutentha kosungidwa limasinthidwa kukhala magetsi.Kodi kutembenuka kwachangu munjira iyi ndi chiyani?Momwe mungachitire

ntchito otsala kutentha mphamvu ndiye vuto lalikulu.

Komabe, ofufuza a gululi akukhulupirira kuti amenewa si mavuto.Ngati dongosolo ndi lotsika mtengo mokwanira, 30-40% yokha ya mphamvu iyenera kubwezeretsedwanso mu mawonekedwe a

magetsi, zomwe zidzawapangitsa kukhala apamwamba kuposa matekinoloje ena okwera mtengo, monga mabatire a lithiamu-ion.

Kuphatikiza apo, 60-70% yotsala ya kutentha kosasinthidwa kukhala magetsi imatha kusamutsidwa mwachindunji ku nyumba, mafakitale kapena mizinda kuti muchepetse malasha ndi chilengedwe.

kugwiritsa ntchito gasi.

Kutentha kumapanga zoposa 50% ya mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira padziko lonse lapansi ndi 40% ya mpweya woipa wapadziko lonse lapansi.Mwa njira iyi, kusunga mphepo kapena photovoltaic mphamvu mu latent

matenthedwe ma cell a photovoltaic sangangopulumutsa ndalama zambiri, komanso amakwaniritsa kufunika kwakukulu kwa msika kudzera muzinthu zongowonjezwdwa.

3. Mavuto ndi ziyembekezo zamtsogolo

Tekinoloje yatsopano yosungiramo matenthedwe yamoto yopangidwa ndi gulu la Madrid University of Technology, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zida za silicon alloy, ili

ubwino pamtengo wazinthu, kutentha kwa kutentha kwasungirako ndi nthawi yosungira mphamvu.Silikoni ndi chinthu chachiwiri chochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi.Mtengo wake

pa tani imodzi ya mchenga wa silika ndi madola 30-50 okha, omwe ndi 1/10 ya mchere wosungunuka.Komanso, matenthedwe yosungirako kutentha kusiyana silika mchenga

particles ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa a mchere wosungunuka, ndipo pazipita ntchito kutentha akhoza kufika oposa 1000 ℃.Apamwamba ntchito kutentha komanso

zimathandiza kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu za photothermal power generation system.

Gulu la Datus silokhalo lomwe limawona kuthekera kwa ma cell a photovoltaic otentha.Ali ndi osewera awiri amphamvu: Massachusetts Institute of

Tekinoloje ndi kuyambitsa ku California kwa Antola Energy.Chotsatirachi chimayang'ana pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha mabatire akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani olemera (akuluakulu

wogula mafuta amafuta), ndipo adapeza US $ 50 miliyoni kuti amalize kafukufukuyu mu February chaka chino.Bill Gates's Breakthrough Energy Fund adapereka zina

ndalama zogulitsa.

Ofufuza ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology adanena kuti ma cell awo otentha a photovoltaic amatha kugwiritsanso ntchito 40% ya mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha.

zipangizo zamkati za batire ya chitsanzo.Iwo adalongosola kuti: "Izi zimapanga njira yogwiritsira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wa kusungirako mphamvu zamagetsi,

kupangitsa kuti zitheke kuwononga gridi yamagetsi. ”

Pulojekiti ya Madrid Institute of Technology sinathe kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yomwe ingathe kuchira, koma ndiyopambana kuposa yaku America.

m'mbali imodzi.Alejandro Data, wofufuza yemwe adatsogolera ntchitoyi, adalongosola kuti: "Kuti tikwaniritse izi, polojekiti ya MIT iyenera kukweza kutentha kuti

2400 madigiri.Batire yathu imagwira ntchito pa madigiri 1200.Pakutentha uku, mphamvuyo idzakhala yotsika kuposa yawo, koma tili ndi zovuta zochepetsera kutentha.

Kupatula apo, ndizovuta kwambiri kusunga zinthu pa madigiri 2400 popanda kuwononga kutentha. ”

Zoonadi, lusoli limafunikirabe ndalama zambiri musanalowe pamsika.Mtundu wamakono wa labotale uli ndi zosakwana 1 kWh zosungira mphamvu

mphamvu, koma kuti ukadaulo uwu ukhale wopindulitsa, umafunika kupitilira 10 MWh ya mphamvu yosungira mphamvu.Choncho, vuto lotsatira ndi kukulitsa sikelo ya

luso ndi kuyesa kuthekera kwake pamlingo waukulu.Kuti akwaniritse izi, ofufuza ochokera ku Madrid Institute of Technology akhala akumanga magulu

kuti zitheke.