Zodziwa:

Wowononga dera ndi chida chofunikira chowongolera ndi chitetezo m'mafakitale amagetsi ndi ma substation.Izo sizingakhoze kokha kudula ndi kutseka palibe katundu panopa

ndi kunyamula pakali pano wa dera lamphamvu kwambiri, komanso gwirizanani ndi chipangizo choteteza ndi chida chodziwikiratu kuti mudule mwachangu vuto ngati

kulephera kwadongosolo, kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa kulephera kwamagetsi, kupewa kufalikira kwa ngozi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dongosololi likuyenda bwino.Kuyambira pachiyambi

M'zaka za m'ma 1990, zowononga mafuta m'makina amagetsi pamwamba pa 35kV ku China zasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi SF6 zowononga dera.

1 、 Basic mfundo ya wophwanya dera

Wowononga dera ndi chipangizo chosinthira makina m'malo omwe amatha kutsegulira, kutseka, kunyamula ndikuswa katundu wapano munthawi yanthawi zonse,

ndipo imathanso kupirira ndikuphwanya vuto lapano pansi pazikhalidwe zachilendo mkati mwa nthawi yodziwika.Chipinda chozimitsira arc ndi chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri

mbali zofunika za wosweka dera, zomwe zimatha kuzimitsa arc yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yozimitsa zida zamagetsi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino.

wa dongosolo mphamvu.Mfundo yozimitsa arc ya high-voltage AC circuit breaker imatsimikiziridwa ndi sing'anga yotsekera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulation

media atenga mfundo zosiyanasiyana arc-kuzimitsa.Mfundo yozimitsa arc yofananayo imatha kukhala ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zozimitsa arc.The arc-

chipinda chozimitsira cha SF6 circuit breaker makamaka chimaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri: mtundu wa mpweya woponderezedwa ndi mtundu wodzipangira mphamvu.The wothinikizidwa mpweya arc kuzimitsa

chipinda chodzaza ndi 0 Kwa SF6 mpweya wa 45MPa (20 ℃ gauge pressure), panthawi yotsegulira, chipinda cha compressor chimapangitsa kuyenda pang'ono.

pisitoni yosasunthika, ndipo gasi muchipinda cha kompresa amapanikizidwa, kupanga kusiyana kwamphamvu ndi mpweya kunja kwa silinda.Kuthamanga kwakukulu

Mpweya wa SF6 umawomba mwamphamvu arc kudzera mumphuno, kukakamiza arc kuzimitsa pomwe pano idutsa ziro.Mukamaliza kutsegula, kupanikizika

kusiyana posachedwapa kutha, ndi kuthamanga mkati ndi kunja kompresa adzabwerera bwino.Chifukwa pisitoni yokhazikika imakhala ndi cheke

valve, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga pamene kutseka kumakhala kochepa kwambiri.Mapangidwe a chipinda chozimitsira mphamvu cha arc amapangidwa ndi kukhudzana kwakukulu, static

kukhudzana kwa arc, nozzle, chipinda cha kompresa, kukhudzana kwa arc, silinda, chipinda chokulitsa kutentha, valavu yanjira imodzi, chipinda chothandizira, kupanikizika

kuchepetsa valavu ndi kuthamanga kuchepetsa masika.Panthawi yotsegulira, makina ogwiritsira ntchito amayendetsa shaft yotumizira ndi mkono wake wamkati

pothandizira, motero kukoka ndodo yotchinga, pisitoni ndodo, chipinda cha kompresa, kusuntha kwa arc, kulumikizana kwakukulu ndi nozzle kuti zisunthire pansi.Pamene a

static kukhudzana chala ndi cholumikizira chachikulu amasiyanitsidwa, panopa akuyendabe pa static arc kukhudzana ndi kusuntha arc kukhudzana amene sanapatulidwe.

Pamene ma arc osuntha ndi osasunthika agawidwa, arc amapangidwa pakati pawo.Kulumikizana kwa static arc kusanasiyanitsidwe ndi pakhosi,

Kutentha kwakukulu kopangidwa ndi kuyaka kwa arc Gasi wothamanga kwambiri umalowa mu chipinda cha compressor ndikusakanikirana ndi mpweya wozizira womwe uli mmenemo, motero amawonjezeka.

kuthamanga mu chipinda cha compressor.Pambuyo pa static arc kukhudzana ndi kupatukana ndi pakhosi, mpweya wothamanga kwambiri mu chipinda cha compressor ndi

kutulutsidwa kuchokera ku mphuno ya mmero ndi kusuntha kwa arc kukhudzana ndi mmero mbali zonse kuti kuzimitsa arc.Pa kutseka ntchito, ntchito limagwirira

imayenda molunjika komwe kumalumikizana ndi kukhudza kosuntha, nozzle ndi pisitoni, ndipo cholumikizira chokhazikika chimayikidwa pampando wolumikizana kuti mupange.

kukhudzana ndi kusuntha ndi static kukhudzana ndi magetsi abwino, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chotseka, monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera.

 
2, Gulu la ophwanya dera

(1) Imagawidwa m'magawo ophwanya mafuta, chowotcha mpweya woponderezedwa, chopukutira chigawo cha vacuum ndi chowotcha cha SF6 malinga ndi sing'anga yozimitsa ya arc;

Ngakhale arc-kuzimitsa sing'anga wa aliyense wosweka dera ndi yosiyana, ntchito yawo ndi yofanana, ndiko kuzimitsa arc opangidwa ndi

wowononga dera panthawi yotsegulira, kuti atsimikizire kuti zipangizo zamagetsi zikuyenda bwino.

1) Chowotcha mafuta: gwiritsani ntchito mafuta ngati sing'anga yozimira.Pamene arc ikuwotcha m'mafuta, mafutawo amawola mofulumira ndipo amasanduka nthunzi pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu

wa arc, ndi kupanga thovu mozungulira arc, amene bwino kuziziritsa arc, kuchepetsa arc kusiyana conductivity, ndi kulimbikitsa arc kuzimitsa.A arc-

chipangizo chozimitsira (chipinda) chimayikidwa mu chowotcha mafuta kuti pakhale kulumikizana pakati pa mafuta ndi arc kuyandikira, ndipo kuthamanga kwa kuwira kumawonjezeka.Pamene nozzle

cha chipinda chozimitsa arc chimatsegulidwa, gasi, mafuta ndi nthunzi yamafuta amapanga mtsinje wa mpweya ndi madzi otuluka.Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake kachipangizo kozimitsa arc,

arc imatha kuwomberedwa molunjika ku arc yopingasa, yofananira ndi arc motalika, kapena kuphatikiza molunjika ndi mopingasa, kuti igwiritse ntchito mwamphamvu komanso mogwira mtima.

arc kuwomba pa arc, motero kufulumizitsa njira ya deionization, kufupikitsa nthawi yokhotakhota, ndikuwongolera kuthyoka kwa wophwanya dera.

2) Wophwanyidwa woponderezedwa wa mpweya: njira yake yozimitsa ya arc imamalizidwa mumphuno inayake.Mphunoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mpweya wothamanga kwambiri kuti uwombe arc

kuti azimitsa arc.Wowononga dera akaphwanya dera, kuthamanga kwa mpweya wothamanga kwambiri komwe kumapangidwa ndi mpweya woponderezedwa sikungochotsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya.

kutentha mumpata wa arc, motero kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kusiyana kwa arc ndikulepheretsa chitukuko cha kusungunuka kwa kutentha, komanso kumachotsanso chiwerengero chachikulu.

ya ayoni zabwino ndi zoipa mu kusiyana kwa arc, ndipo amadzaza kusiyana kwa kukhudzana ndi mpweya watsopano wothamanga kwambiri, kuti mphamvu ya sing'angayo ipezeke mwamsanga.

Chifukwa chake, poyerekeza ndi chowotcha mafuta, chowotcha mpweya woponderezedwa chimakhala ndi mphamvu yosweka komanso kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu Nthawi yosweka ndi yaifupi, ndipo

kuswa mphamvu sikudzachepetsedwa pakutsekanso.

3) Vuto lamagetsi: gwiritsani ntchito vacuum ngati kutchinjiriza ndi sing'anga yozimitsira arc.Pamene wosweka dera achotsedwa, arc imayaka mu nthunzi yachitsulo

opangidwa ndi zinthu zolumikizirana ndi chipinda chozimira cha vacuum arc, chomwe chimatchedwa vacuum arc mwachidule.Pamene vacuum arc imadulidwa, chifukwa

Kupanikizika ndi kachulukidwe mkati ndi kunja kwa mzere wa arc ndizosiyana kwambiri, nthunzi yachitsulo ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta arc idzapitirizabe kufalikira kunja.

Mkati mwa chigawo cha arc ndi mulingo wosinthika wa kufalikira kwakunja kosalekeza kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso kutuluka kosalekeza kwa tinthu tatsopano.

kuchokera ku electrode.Pamene panopa achepa, kachulukidwe wa zitsulo nthunzi ndi kachulukidwe wa particles ankayimbidwa amachepetsa, ndipo potsiriza kutha pamene panopa ali pafupi.

mpaka zero, ndipo arc imatuluka.Pakadali pano, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta arc arc timapitilirabe kufalikira, ndipo mphamvu ya dielectric kutchinjiriza pakati pawo.

fractures amachira mofulumira.Malingana ngati mphamvu yotchinjiriza ya dielectric imachira mwachangu kuposa kuthamanga kwamagetsi komwe kukukwera, arc idzazimitsidwa.

4) SF6 dera wosweka: SF6 mpweya ntchito monga kutchinjiriza ndi arc kuzimitsa sing'anga.Mpweya wa SF6 ndi njira yabwino yozimitsira arc yokhala ndi thermochemistry yabwino komanso

mphamvu zoipa magetsi.

A. Thermochemistry imatanthawuza kuti mpweya wa SF6 uli ndi makhalidwe abwino oyendetsa kutentha.Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya wa SF6 komanso kutentha kwakukulu

gradient pamwamba pa arc pachimake pa kuyaka kwa arc, kuzizira kumakhala kofunikira, kotero kuti m'mimba mwake ndi yaying'ono, yomwe imathandizira ku arc.

kuzimiririka.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, SF6 imakhala ndi mphamvu yowonongeka kwa kutentha mu arc ndi kuwonongeka kokwanira kwa kutentha.Pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha monomer

S, F ndi ayoni awo pakati pa arc.Panthawi ya kuyaka kwa arc, mphamvu yomwe imalowetsedwa mu arc gap ya gridi yamagetsi imakhala yotsika kwambiri kuposa ya dera.

chosweka ndi mpweya ndi mafuta ngati arc kuzimitsira sing'anga.Chifukwa chake, zinthu zolumikizirana siziwotchedwa ndipo arc ndiyosavuta kuzimitsa.

B. Kuipa kwakukulu kwa mpweya wa SF6 ndiko chizolowezi champhamvu cha mamolekyu a gasi kapena ma atomu kuti apange ayoni olakwika.Ma electron opangidwa ndi arc ionization ndi amphamvu

adsorbed ndi mpweya wa SF6 ndi ma molekyulu a halogenated ndi ma atomu omwe amapangidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwake, motero kusuntha kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumachepetsedwa kwambiri,

chifukwa ma ion oipa ndi ma ion abwino amachepetsedwa mosavuta kukhala mamolekyu osalowerera ndale ndi ma atomu.Choncho, kutha kwa conductivity mu kusiyana danga kwambiri

mofulumira.Ma conductivity a arc gap amachepetsa msanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti arc azimitse.

(2) Kutengera mtundu wa kapangidwe kake, imatha kugawidwa kukhala chophwanyika cha porcelain pole circuit breaker ndi tank circuit breaker.

(3) Malingana ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito, zimagawidwa mu electromagnetic operating mechanism circuit breaker, hydraulic operating mechanism.

circuit breaker, pneumatic operating mechanism circuit breaker, spring operating mechanism circuit breaker ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito maginito okhazikika

wowononga dera.

(4) Imagawidwa kukhala wosweka wosweka-gawo limodzi ndi osweka madera osiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zopuma;The Multi-break circuit breaker imagawidwa

mu circuit breaker yokhala ndi equator capacitor ndi circuit breaker popanda kufananiza capacitor.

3, Basic dongosolo la wosweka dera

Mapangidwe oyambira ophwanyira dera makamaka amaphatikiza maziko, makina ogwiritsira ntchito, chinthu chotumizira, chinthu chothandizira kusungunula, chinthu chophwanya, ndi zina.

Mapangidwe oyambira amtundu wanthawi zonse akuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi.

Cholumikizira: Ndilo gawo loyambira la chowotcha kuti mulumikizane ndikudula dera.

Transmission element: kusuntha lamulo la opareshoni ndi ntchito ya kinetic mphamvu kupita kumalo osuntha.

Insulating support element: thandizirani gulu lophwanya dera, khalani ndi mphamvu zogwirira ntchito ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zakunja za chinthu chosweka, ndikuwonetsetsa pansi.

insulation ya chinthu chosweka.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito: yogwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mphamvu yotsegulira ndi kutseka ntchito.

Base: amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira ndi kukonza chophwanyira dera.