一, Zida zazikulu za mzere wotumizira mphamvu:

Chingwe chotumizira magetsi ndi malo opangira magetsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma insulators ndi zida zofananira kuyimitsa ma conductor ndi pamwamba.

mawaya apansi pamitengo ndi nsanja, amalumikiza magetsi ndi malo ocheperako, ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chotumizira mphamvu.Ndi makamaka

wopangidwa ndi kondakitala, waya wapansi pamtunda, insulator, hardware, nsanja, maziko, chipangizo choyambira, etc.

1. Kondakitala: ntchito yake makamaka kufalitsa mphamvu yamagetsi.Woyendetsa mzere adzakhala ndi conductivity yabwino, makina okwanira

mphamvu, kugwedera kutopa kukana ndi kukana dzimbiri za zosafunika mankhwala mu mlengalenga.Izikhala mtundu wa kondakitala womanga mitolo

wopangidwa ndi ma conductor awiri kapena anayi pagawo lililonse.

2. Waya wapansi pamtunda: amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poteteza mphezi.Chifukwa cha kutetezedwa kwa waya pamwamba pamwamba pa kondakitala ndi

kugwirizana pakati pa kondakitala ndi pamwamba pansi waya, mwayi wa mphezi kugunda mwachindunji kondakitala akhoza kuchepetsedwa.Liti

mphezi igunda nsanjayo, gawo la mphezi limatha kupatutsidwa kudzera pawaya wapansi panthaka, motero kuchepetsa nsanja pamwamba.

kuthekera ndikuwongolera kupirira kwa mphezi.Waya wapansi pamutu nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati chitsulo chagalasi.Pakali pano, zabwino

ma conductor monga chitsulo chopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu chingwe ndi aluminiyumu clad chitsulo chingwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa mphamvu pafupipafupi overvoltage.

ndi yachiwiri arc panopa ngati asymmetric short circuit.Waya wapamtunda wa Optical wophatikizika adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa omwe ali ndi

ntchito yolumikizirana.

3. Insulator: Imatanthawuza chinthu chomwe chimakonza ndikuyimitsa kondakitala pa nsanja.Ma insulators wamba a mizere yotumizira mphamvu

zikuphatikizapo: disc porcelain insulator, disc galasi insulator ndi ndodo kuyimitsidwa kompositi insulator.

(1) Disc porcelain insulator: zotchingira zadothi zapakhomo zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu, chomwe chimafunikira kuzindikirika kwa zero ndikulemera.

kukonza.Pakachitika mphezi ndi kuphulika kwa kuipitsa, ndikosavuta kuyambitsa ngozi zogwetsa zingwe, zomwe zathetsedwa.

(2) Disc glass insulator: Ili ndi zero value self explosion, koma kuphulika kwadzidzidzi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri (nthawi zambiri zikwi khumi).Palibe kuyendera

chofunika pakukonza.Kuphulika kwa galasi lotentha, mphamvu yake yotsalira imafikabe kupitirira 80% ya

kuswa mphamvu, ndipo ntchito yotetezeka ya mzereyo imatha kutsimikiziridwa.Pakachitika mphezi ndi kuphulika kwa kuipitsa, sipadzakhala

ngozi yakugwa kwa unyolo.Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo onyansa a Gulu I ndi II.

(3) Ndodo kuyimitsidwa kophatikiza insulator: ili ndi ubwino wa ntchito yabwino yotsutsa kuipitsa flashover, kulemera kwake, makina apamwamba kwambiri.

mphamvu, kusamalidwa pang'ono, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu Gawo la III komanso pamwamba pa malo oipitsidwa.

4. Zida

Zida zolumikizira magetsi zitha kugawidwa kukhala: mtundu wamba, zolumikizira zolumikizira, zolumikizira, zotchingira zoteteza ndi waya.

zopangira malinga ndi ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

(1) Mtundu wa clamp: kuyimitsa kuyimitsidwa: kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza woyendetsa pa chingwe choyimitsira chotchingira chamtengo wa tangent ndi nsanja, kapena kupachika

mawaya apamwamba pamwamba pa mawaya apansi pamtengo wa tangent ndi nsanja.

Chingwe chotsekereza: chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kondakitala kapena waya pamwamba pa chingwe cha insulator kuti amangire.Pali magulu atatu

za strain clamps, zomwe ndi: bolt mtundu strain clamps;Kupanikizika kwamtundu wamtundu;Mphesa clamp.Bolt mtundu strain clamp: imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza

kondakita ndi kugunda kwamphamvu kopangidwa ndi kukakamiza koyima kwa screw yooneka ngati U ndi poyambira wavy pothirira.psinjika mtundu

tension clamp: imapangidwa ndi chubu cha aluminium ndi nangula wachitsulo.Nangula wachitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa ndi kumangirira pakati pazitsulo zachitsulo

cored aluminiyamu chingwe, ndiyeno kuphimba zitsulo zotayidwa chubu thupi kuti zitsulo mapindikidwe pulasitiki ndi kukakamizidwa, kuti waya achepetsa

ndipo kondakitala amaphatikizidwa pamodzi.Kuthamanga kwa hydraulic kukagwiritsidwa ntchito, nkhungu yachitsulo yokhala ndi zofananira iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito

kwa kukanikiza ndi hydraulic press.Kuthamanga kophulika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, chingwe cha waya ndi kondakitala (waya wapansi pamtunda) akhoza kukhala

kupsinjidwa mwachinthu chonse pogwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza koyambira kophulika kapena kuphulika kwachiwiri.

Wedge clamp: amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika chingwe chachitsulo ndikumangira mawaya apansi pamwamba ndi nsanja yokhazikika.Amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yogawanika ya wedge

kutseka chingwe chachitsulo muzitsulo.

(2) Kulumikiza zida: zida zolumikizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza chingwe cha insulator ndi nsanja, chingwe cha waya ndi chingwe cha insulator, pansi pamtunda.

wire clamp ndi nsanja.Zida zolumikizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo mphete yolendewera mutu, mbale yolendewera mutu wa mbale, mphete yolendewera yooneka ngati U,

ngodya yakumanja yolendewera mbale, etc.

(3) Zolumikizira zolumikizira: zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira ma kondakitala, mawaya apamtunda apamwamba ndi ma jumpers amitengo yolimbana ndi nsanja.Zotsirizidwa

zolumikizira zolumikizira zikuphatikiza: zolumikizira zolumikizira kukakamiza, zolumikizira zolumikizira ma hydraulic, zolumikizira za bawuti, kuphulika kwamphamvu

zida zolumikizira.

(4) Zida zodzitchinjiriza: nyundo yosagwedezeka, ndodo yankhondo ndi waya wonyowa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza kondakitala ndi waya wapansi pamutu kuti asagwedezeke;

Spacer amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupondereza kugwedezeka kwa subspan;Kuteteza mphete ndi mphete zotchingira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza zingwe zoteteza ku corona.

(5) Zida zamagetsi zokhala ndi waya: zida zosinthira ndi kukhazikika kwa waya wokhala ndi nsanja zimaphatikizapo: chowongolera chamtundu wa UT;Chitsulo chachingwe chachitsulo, ndi pawiri

kukoka mbale yolumikizira waya, etc.

5. Tower:

Towers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira ma kondakitala am'mwamba ndi mawaya apamtunda, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali mtunda wokwanira wachitetezo pakati pawo.

makondakitala ndi ma kondakitala, pakati pa kondakitala ndi mawaya apamtunda, pakati pa makondakitala ndi nsanja, ndi pakati pa makondakitala ndi mawaya apansi panthaka

dziko lapansi ndi zinthu zodutsa.

6. Maziko:

Maziko amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti akhazikitse nsanjayo ndipo amatha kunyamula mphamvu zokweza, kugwetsa ndi kugwetsa mphindi yopangidwa ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana.

ya nsanja, kondakitala ndi waya pamwamba pamwamba.

Maziko opangidwa kale azigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mizati ndi mawaya.Ponyani maziko a konkriti okhazikika kapena maziko a konkire ayenera

kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo nsanja.Ngati n'kotheka, maziko osasokonezeka adzasankhidwa.Kuphatikizirapo: maziko a rock, maziko okulitsidwa mwamakina,

odulidwa (odulidwa theka) maziko, kuphulika kokulirakulira kwa mulu ndi maziko otopetsa.

7. Chida choyatsira pansi:

Imapangidwa makamaka ndi njira yoyambira pansi yomwe imalumikiza waya wam'mwamba ndi pansi (mzati) wokwiriridwa munsanja.

Ntchito yayikulu ya chipangizo choyikirapo ndikufalikira mwachangu ndikutulutsa mphezi padziko lapansi, kuti zisunge mphezi zina.

kupirira mlingo wa mzere.Zing'onozing'ono kukana grounding kwa nsanja, ndi apamwamba mphezi kupirira mlingo.

二、 Terminology ya mizere yopatsira mphamvu

1. Span: mtunda wopingasa wowongoka pakati pa nsanja ziwiri zoyandikana, zotchedwa span, nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa mu L.

2. Sag: kwa mizere yopingasa, mtunda woyimirira pakati pa mzere wolumikizira wopingasa pakati pa malo oyimitsidwa awiri oyandikana a

kondakitala ndi malo otsika kwambiri a kondakitala amatchedwa sag kapena sag.Yofotokozedwa ndi f.

3. Malire a mtunda: mtunda wocheperako pakati pa kondakitala ndi nthaka kapena malo odutsa.Mtunda wovomerezeka wocheperako kuchokera ku

malo otsikitsitsa a mzere wotsogolera wamba mpaka pansi, nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa mu h.

4. Utali wopingasa: theka la kuchuluka kwa mipata iwiri yoyandikana imatchedwa utali wopingasa, womwe nthawi zambiri umafotokozedwa ngati.

5. Utali woyima: mtunda wopingasa pakati pa malo otsikitsitsa a kondakitala pakati pa mipata iwiri yoyandikana, yomwe imatchedwa kuti mipata yopingasa ndi

kawirikawiri amasonyezedwa.

6. Kuyimilira kwapakati: mu gawo la zovuta, nthawi zambiri pamakhala maulendo angapo kupatulapo ma arc vertical spans.Chifukwa cha mtunda ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana

kuwoloka ndi kondakitala, kukula kwa danga lililonse sikofanana, kukwera kwa kuyimitsidwa kwa woyendetsa kumasiyananso, komanso kupsinjika kwa

kondakitala mu danga lililonse amasiyananso.Komabe, kupsinjika ndi kufooka kwa kondakitala zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kutalika kwake.Pamene kusintha kwasintha, kusintha kwa

kupsinjika ndi kuchepa kwa kokondakita kumasinthanso.Ngati danga lililonse liwerengedwera limodzi ndi limodzi, kuwerengera kwamawotchi kwa woyendetsa kumakhala kovuta.Komabe,

ma conductors a gawo lomwelo mu gawo la zovuta amalumikizidwa palimodzi pakumanga.Choncho, yopingasa mavuto kondakitala ndi

zofanana mu gawo lonse la zovuta, ndiko kuti, kupanikizika kwa conductor pamunsi kwambiri pa sag ya nthawi iliyonse ndi yofanana.Timasintha mphamvu ya multispan

gawo lokhala ndi nthawi yolingalira yofanana.Izi zongoganizira danga kuti akhoza kufotokoza lonse makina lamulo la kukangana amatchedwa oimira span kapena

nthawi zonse, ndipo imayimiridwa ndi LO.

7. Kutalika kwa nsanja: mtunda wolunjika kuchokera pamwamba pa nsanja mpaka pansi, wotchedwa kutalika kwa nsanja.Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi H1.

8. Kutalika mwadzina kwa nsanja: mtunda woyima kuchokera pamtanda wotsikitsitsa wa nsanja mpaka pansi umatchedwa kuti nsanja mwadzina kutalika, komwe kumatchulidwa.

mpaka kutalika kwadzina ndipo amawonetsedwa mu H2.

9. Kutalika kwa kuyimitsidwa: mtunda wowongoka kuchokera pamalo oyimitsidwa a kondakitala mpaka pansi, womwe umatchedwa kutalika kwa kuyimitsidwa.

mfundo ya conductor ndipo imayimiridwa ndi H3.

10. Mtunda wopita ku mzere: mtunda wopingasa pakati pa magawo awiri a kondakitala, wotchedwa mzere kupita ku mzere mtunda, wofotokozedwa mu D.

11. Kutsegula kwa mizu: mtunda wopingasa pakati pa mizu kapena mapazi a nsanja a mitengo iwiri yamagetsi, yotchedwa kutsegula mizu.Imaimiridwa ndi A.

12. Ngodya yoteteza waya wapansi: mbali yophatikizika pakati pa chingwe cholumikizira chakunja cha waya wapansi ndi kondakitala wam'mbali ndi

mzere woyima wa waya wapansi pamutu umatchedwa ngodya yotetezera ya waya wapansi.Zafotokozedwa mkati.

13. Kuzama kwa mzati ndi nsanja: Kuya kwa mtengo wamagetsi (nsanja) yokwiriridwa m'nthaka imatchedwa kuya kwa mtengo ndi nsanja.Zili choncho

ku h0.

14 Jumper: kutsogolera kulumikiza ma conductor mbali zonse za nsanja yonyamula katundu (zovuta, ngodya ndi nsanja yomaliza) imatchedwa jumper, komanso

amatchedwa waya wa drain kapena waya.

15. Kutalikitsa koyambirira kwa kondakitala: kupindika kosatha (kutambasula motsatana ndi kondakitala) chifukwa cha kukanikiza koyamba kwakunja kwa kokondakita.

amatchedwa elongation yoyamba ya conductor.

16. Woyendetsa m'mitolo: Woyendetsa gawo limodzi amapangidwa ndi mawaya angapo (2, 3, 4), omwe amatchedwa wokonda mitolo.Ndizofanana ndi kukhuthala

"m'mimba mwake wofanana" wa kondakitala, kuwongolera mphamvu yamagetsi pafupi ndi kondakitala, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa corona, kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa wailesi,

ndi kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yotumizira mauthenga.

17. Kusintha kwa kondakitala: kakonzedwe ka kondakitala wa chingwe chotumizira mphamvu, kupatula makonzedwe a katatu, mtunda

pakati pa okonda atatu si ofanana.Kachitidwe ka kondakitala zimadalira mtunda pakati pa mizere ndi utali wozungulira wa kondakitala.

Chifukwa chake, ngati kondakitala sakusinthidwa, kusokoneza kwa magawo atatu kumakhala kosagwirizana.Mzerewu ukakhala wautali, ndiye kuti kusalinganiza kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri.

Zotsatira zake, magetsi osagwirizana ndi magetsi adzapangidwa, zomwe zidzasokoneza ntchito ya jenereta ndi kuyankhulana kwa wailesi.

Mafotokozedwe a kamangidwe ka mzere wotumizira magetsi amati "mu netiweki yamagetsi yomwe ili ndi malo osalowerera ndale, kufalitsa mphamvu

mzere wokhala ndi utali wopitilira 100km udzasinthidwa ".Kusintha kwa conductor nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu transposition tower.

18. Kondakitala (pansi) kugwedezeka kwa mzere: mu mzere wa mzere, pamene mizere yopita pamwamba imayang'aniridwa ndi mphamvu ya mphepo yomwe imayendera njira ya mzere, khola.

vortex yokhala ndi mafupipafupi osinthasintha mmwamba ndi pansi idzapangika kumbali ya leeward ya mizere yopita pamwamba.Pansi pa zotsatira za kukweza kwa vortex

chigawocho, mizere ya pamwamba idzatulutsa nthawi ndi nthawi mu ndege yawo yoyima, yomwe imatchedwa kugwedezeka kwapamwamba.