Kodi mafotokozedwe ndi zofunikira zake ndi zitimagetsi pansi?

Njira zodzitetezera pamasinthidwe amagetsi ndi monga: kuyika pansi koteteza, kulumikizidwa kosalowerera ndale, kukhazikika mobwerezabwereza,

kugwira ntchito pansi, etc. Kulumikizana kwamagetsi kwabwino pakati pa gawo la zida zamagetsi ndi dziko lapansi kumatchedwa grounding.Chitsulo

kondakitala kapena zitsulo kondakitala gulu mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi nthaka nthaka amatchedwa grounding body: kondakitala zitsulo kulumikiza

kuyika gawo la zida zamagetsi ku thupi lokhazikika kumatchedwa waya wokhazikika;Thupi lokhazika pansi ndi waya wapansi ndi

pamodzi amatchedwa zipangizo zoyambira pansi.

Lingaliro loyika pansi ndi mtundu

(1) Chitetezo cha mphezi: kuyika pansi ndi cholinga chobweretsa mphezi padziko lapansi ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa mphezi.

Ngati chipangizo choteteza mphezi chikugawana gululi wokhazikika ndi maziko ogwirira ntchito a zida za telegraph, kukana kwapansi.

adzakwaniritsa zofunikira zochepa.

(2) AC yogwira ntchito: kugwirizana kwachitsulo pakati pa mfundo mu dongosolo la mphamvu ndi dziko lapansi mwachindunji kapena kudzera mu zipangizo zapadera.Kugwira ntchito

Kuyika pansi kumatanthauza kuyika kwa thiransifoma ndale kapena mzere wosalowerera ndale (N mzere).Waya wa N uyenera kukhala waya wa mkuwa pakati pawo.Apo

ndi malo othandizira equipotential pogawa magetsi, ndipo ma equipotential terminals nthawi zambiri amakhala mu nduna.Izo ziyenera kudziŵika kuti

chipika cha terminal sichingawululidwe;Sichidzasakanizidwa ndi machitidwe ena oyambira, monga DC grounding, shielding grounding, anti-static

maziko, etc;Sizingalumikizidwe ndi mzere wa PE.

(3) Kuyika kwachitetezo chachitetezo: chitetezo chachitetezo ndikulumikizana bwino kwachitsulo pakati pa gawo lachitsulo chosachapira chamagetsi.

zida ndi thupi pansi.Zida zamagetsi zomwe zili m'nyumbayi ndi zigawo zina zazitsulo pafupi ndi zipangizo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi

PE mizere, koma ndizoletsedwa kulumikiza mizere ya PE ndi mizere ya N.

(4) Kuyika kwa DC: Kuti muwonetsetse kuti chipangizo chilichonse chamagetsi chili cholondola komanso chokhazikika, kuthekera kokhazikika koyenera kuyenera kuperekedwanso.

ku magetsi okhazikika.Waya wapakati wamkuwa wokhala ndi gawo lalikulu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kutsogolera, kumapeto kwake komwe kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi

kuthekera, ndipo mapeto enawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika zida zamagetsi pa DC.

(5) Anti static grounding: maziko oletsa kusokonezedwa kwa magetsi osasunthika opangidwa pamalo owuma a chipinda cha kompyuta mu

Kumanga kwanzeru ku zida zamagetsi kumatchedwa anti-static grounding.

(6) Kutchinga pansi: pofuna kupewa kusokonezedwa kwamagetsi akunja, waya wotchinga kapena chitoliro chachitsulo mkati ndi kunja kwamagetsi.

kutchinga kwa zida ndi zida zimakhazikika, zomwe zimatchedwa shielding grounding.

(7) Dongosolo loyatsira magetsi: mu zida zamagetsi, kuteteza kusokoneza ma voltage a ma frequency osiyanasiyana kuti asalowe kudzera pamagetsi a AC ndi DC

mizere ndikukhudza magwiridwe antchito azizindikiro zotsika, zosefera za AC ndi DC zimayikidwa.Kuyika pansi kwa zosefera kumatchedwa power grounding.

Ntchito zoyikapo pansi zimagawidwa kukhala zotetezera, zogwirira ntchito ndi anti-static grounding

(1) Zipolopolo zachitsulo, konkire, mizati, ndi zina zotero za zipangizo zamagetsi zimatha kupatsidwa mphamvu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwazitsulo.Pofuna kupewa izi

kuyika pachiwopsezo chitetezo chamunthu ndikupewa ngozi zowopsa zamagetsi, zipolopolo zazitsulo za zida zamagetsi zimalumikizidwa ndi chipangizo choyikirapo.

kuteteza maziko.Pamene thupi la munthu likhudza zipangizo zamagetsi ndi chipolopolo electrified, kukhudzana kukana kwa grounding

thupi ndi lochepa kwambiri kuposa kukana kwa thupi la munthu, zambiri zapano zimalowa padziko lapansi kudzera mu thupi lokhazikika, ndipo gawo laling'ono lokha limadutsa.

thupi la munthu, limene silidzaika moyo wa munthu pangozi.

(2) Kuyika pansi komwe kumachitidwa pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito modalirika komanso zochitika zangozi zimatchedwa kugwira ntchito

kukhazikitsa.Mwachitsanzo, kuyika kwachindunji ndi kukhazikika kosalowerera ndale komanso kukhazikika mobwerezabwereza kwa ziro ndi mphezi.

chitetezo cha m'thupi ndi ntchito zonse.Kuti mulowetse mphezi pansi, gwirizanitsani poyambira mphezi

zida zodzitetezera (ndodo yamphezi, etc.) pansi kuti athetse kuwonongeka kwa mphezi kumagetsi, katundu wamunthu,

imadziwikanso kuti overvoltage protection grounding.

(3) Kuyika kwamafuta amafuta, akasinja osungira gasi, mapaipi, zida zamagetsi, ndi zina zotere amatchedwa anti-static grounding kuti ateteze

kuopsa kwa electrostatic.

Zofunikira pakuyika chipangizo choyambira

(1) The grounding waya zambiri 40mm × 4mm kanasonkhezereka zitsulo lathyathyathya.

(2) Thupi lapansi liyenera kukhala chitoliro chachitsulo chachitsulo kapena chitsulo changodya.The awiri a zitsulo chitoliro ndi 50mm, chitoliro khoma makulidwe si zochepa

kuposa 3.5mm, ndi kutalika ndi 2-3 m.50mm kwa ngodya zitsulo × 50mm × 5 mm.

(3) Pamwamba pa nthaka ndi 0.5 ~ 0.8m kuchokera pansi kuti nthaka isasungunuke.Chiwerengero cha mipope zitsulo kapena zitsulo ngodya zimadalira

pa nthaka resistivity kuzungulira thupi grounding, zambiri zosachepera ziwiri, ndipo malo pakati pa aliyense ndi 3 ~ 5m.

(4) Mtunda pakati pa malo oyambira ndi nyumbayo uyenera kukhala wopitilira 1.5m, ndi mtunda pakati pa malo oyambira ndi nyumbayo.

Kutalika kwa tsinde la mbande kumayenera kukhala osachepera 3 m.

(5) Kuwotcherera kwa lap kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza waya wapansi ndi thupi lapansi.

Njira zochepetsera kukhazikika kwa nthaka

(1) Asanakhazikitse chipangizo choyikirapo pansi, kukhazikika kwa nthaka mozungulira thupi lokhazikika kumamveka.Ngati yakwera kwambiri,

njira zofunika ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti mtengo wotsutsa pansi uli woyenera.

(2) Sinthani dothi lozungulira poyambira pansi pamtunda wa 2 ~ 3m wa dothi lozungulira poyambira, ndikuwonjezera zinthu zomwe zili.

osatha kulowa m'madzi ndipo amakhala ndi mayamwidwe abwino amadzi, monga makala, coke cinder kapena slag.Njira imeneyi akhoza kuchepetsa resistivity nthaka kuti

chiyambi 15-110.

(3) Gwiritsani ntchito mchere ndi makala kuti muchepetse mphamvu ya nthaka.Gwiritsani ntchito mchere ndi makala popondaponda mu zigawo.Makala ndi zabwino zimasakanizidwa kukhala wosanjikiza, pafupifupi

10 ~ 15cm wandiweyani, ndiyeno 2 ~ 3cm yamchere imayikidwa, okwana 5-8 zigawo.Pambuyo pakupanga, yendetsani mu thupi lokhazikika.Njira imeneyi akhoza kuchepetsa

resistivity mpaka 13-15 yoyambirira.Komabe, mchere udzatayika ndi madzi oyenda pakapita nthawi, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuwonjezeredwanso

kuposa zaka ziwiri.

(4) Kulimbana ndi nthaka kumatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 40% pogwiritsa ntchito chotsitsa chanthawi yayitali chamankhwala.Kukaniza pansi kwa zida zamagetsi

adzayesedwa kamodzi pachaka m'nyengo ya masika ndi autumn pamene pali mvula yochepa kuti atsimikizire kuti nthakayo ndi yoyenera.Nthawi zambiri, apadera

zida (monga ZC-8 grounding resistance tester) amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa, ndipo njira ya ammeter voltmeter ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito poyesa.

Zomwe zili pakuwunika kwapansi zikuphatikiza

(1) Kaya mabawuti olumikizira ndi omasuka kapena a dzimbiri.

(2) Kaya dzimbiri la waya pansi ndi thupi pansi pansi ndi desoldered.

(3) Kaya waya woyika pansi wawonongeka, wosweka, wawonongeka, ndi zina zotero.

mzere, uyenera kukhala ndi gawo la waya wosachepera 16 mm2 wa waya wa aluminiyamu komanso wosachepera 10 mm2 wa waya wamkuwa.

(4) Kuti azindikire kugwiritsa ntchito kosiyanasiyana kwa ma conductor osiyanasiyana, mzere wagawo, ziro zogwirira ntchito ndi mzere woteteza udzasiyanitsidwa.

mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuteteza mzere wagawo kuti usasakanizidwe ndi ziro kapena ziro zogwirira ntchito kuti usasakanizidwe ndi ziro zoteteza.

mzere.Pofuna kuonetsetsa kulumikizidwa kolondola kwazitsulo zosiyanasiyana, njira yogawa magetsi ya magawo atatu ya magawo atatu iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

(5) Kwa chosinthira chamagetsi chodziwikiratu kapena fusesi yamagetsi kumapeto kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, woteteza gawo limodzi lotayirira adzayikidwa mmenemo.Mizere ya ogwiritsa

zomwe zatha kukonzedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kutchinjiriza kukalamba kapena kuchuluka kwa katundu, ndipo gawolo silochepa, liyenera kusinthidwa posachedwa.

kuthetsa zoopsa zamoto zamagetsi ndikupereka zikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito bwino zachitetezo cha kutayikira.

(6) Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, waya wotetezera pansi ndi waya wosalowerera wazinthu zitatu zamawaya zida zamagetsi mumagetsi amagetsi sakuyenera.

kukhala osachepera 1/2 ya mzere wa gawo, ndi waya woyambira ndi waya wosalowerera wamagetsi owunikira, kaya zinthu zitatu waya waya kapena chinthu chimodzi chachitatu.

waya system, iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi mzere wa chinthucho.

(7) Mzere waukulu wa malo ogwirira ntchito ndi malo otetezera amaloledwa kugawidwa, koma gawo lake silidzakhala lochepera theka la gawolo.

wa phase line.

(8) Kuyika pansi kwa chipangizo chilichonse chamagetsi kudzalumikizidwa ku mzere waukulu wapansi ndi waya wosiyana.Sizololedwa kulumikiza

zida zingapo zamagetsi zomwe zimayenera kuzikika motsatizana mu waya umodzi wokhazikika.

(9) Gawo la waya wopanda mkuwa wa 380V wogawa bokosi, bokosi lamagetsi lothandizira ndi bokosi lamagetsi loyatsira lizikhala> 4 mm.², gawo

Waya wa aluminiyamu wopanda kanthu azikhala> 6 mm2, gawo la waya wamkuwa wotsekedwa azikhala> 2.5 mm2, ndipo gawo la waya wa aluminiyamu wotsekeredwa lizikhala> 4 mm.².

(10) Mtunda pakati pa waya pansi ndi pansi uyenera kukhala 250-300mm.

(11) Malo ogwirira ntchito adzapaka utoto pamwamba ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu ndi yobiriwira, malo otetezera adzapaka utoto wakuda pamwamba,

ndipo chingwe chosalowerera ndale chidzapakidwa utoto wabuluu wowala.

(12) Sizololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito sheath yachitsulo kapena mauna achitsulo a chitoliro cha chikopa cha njoka, wosanjikiza wa chitoliro ndi waya wachitsulo ngati waya.

(13) Waya wapansi ukawotcherera, kuwotcherera kwa lap kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera waya wapansi.Lap kutalika ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunika kuti lathyathyathya

chitsulo ndi 2 m'lifupi mwake (ndi m'mphepete zosachepera 3 ndi welded), ndi zitsulo zozungulira ndi 6 m'mimba mwake (ndi kuwotcherera pawiri kumafunika).Pamene a

zitsulo zozungulira zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chitsulo chathyathyathya, kutalika kwa kuwotcherera kwa lap ndi nthawi 6 zazitsulo zozungulira (ndipo kuwotcherera mbali ziwiri kumafunika).

(14) Mawaya a mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu ayenera kutsekedwa ndi zomangira kuti agwirizane ndi kapamwamba, ndipo sayenera kupindika.Pamene lathyathyathya mkuwa

mawaya osunthika amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawaya oyambira, kutalika kwake kuzikhala koyenera, ndipo crimping lug iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi zomangira.

(15) Panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizocho, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayang'ane kuti waya wapansi wa zipangizo zamagetsi akugwirizana bwino ndi

kuyika gridi ndi zida zamagetsi, ndipo palibe kusweka komwe kumachepetsa gawo la waya wapansi, apo ayi lidzatengedwa ngati chilema.

(16) Pakuvomera kukonza zida, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuti waya wamagetsi amagetsi ali bwino.

(17) Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Zida idzayang'ana nthawi zonse kuyika kwa zipangizo zamagetsi, ndikudziwitsa nthawi yake kukonzanso ngati pangakhale vuto lililonse.

(18) Kukaniza pansi kwa zida zamagetsi kudzayang'aniridwa molingana ndi zomwe zikuzungulira kapena panthawi yokonza zazikulu ndi zazing'ono.

wa zida.Ngati mavuto apezeka, zomwe zimayambitsa ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndikusamalidwa panthawi yake.

(19) Kuyika kwa zida zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri komanso kukana kwapansi kwa gridi yoyambira kumayendetsedwa ndi Zida.

Dipatimenti molingana ndi Code for Handover and Preventive Test of Electric Equipment, ndi kukhazikitsa kwa zida zamagetsi zotsika mphamvu.

idzachitidwa ndi dipatimenti yomwe ili pansi pa ulamuliro wa zipangizo.

(20) Kulowera kwakanthawi kochepa kwa chipangizo choyatsira pansi kumatenga gawo lalikulu kwambiri la gawo lalifupi laposachedwa.

kuyenderera mu nthaka kudzera mu chipangizo choyatsira pansi ngati mkati ndi kunja kwafupipafupi kachipangizo koyambira.Mphamvuyi idzadziwika

molingana ndi momwe makina amagwirira ntchito kwambiri pambuyo pa zaka 5 mpaka 10 za chitukuko, komanso kugawa kwanthawi yayitali pakati pa

kuyika mfundo zosalowerera ndale mu dongosolo ndi olekanitsidwa grounding yochepa dera panopa kondakitala mphezi adzaganiziridwa.

Zida zotsatirazi ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa

(1) Coil yachiwiri ya transformer yamakono.

(2) Zotsekera za matabwa ogawa ndi ma control panel.

(3) Kutsekeka kwa injini.

(4) Chigoba cha bokosi lolumikizana ndi chingwe ndi chitsulo chachitsulo cha chingwe.

(5) Chitsulo kapena nyumba yosinthira ndi chipangizo chake chotumizira.

(6) Metal base of high-voltage insulator ndi bushing.

(7) Mipope yachitsulo ya mawaya amkati ndi akunja.

(8) Poyambira mita.

(9) Mpanda wa zida zamagetsi ndi zowunikira.

(10) Chitsulo chachitsulo cha zida zogawa zamkati ndi zakunja ndi chotchinga chachitsulo cha magawo amoyo.

Zofunikira pakuyatsa magalimoto

(1) Waya woyatsira motowo uyenera kulumikizidwa ndi gululi woyatsira mbewu yonse ndi chitsulo chathyathyathya.Ngati ili kutali ndi maziko oyambira

chingwe kapena waya wokhazikika wachitsulo wokhazikika amakonzedwa kuti akhudze kukongola kwa chilengedwe, thupi lokhazikika lachilengedwe liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka

zotheka, kapena waya wathyathyathya wamkuwa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati waya woyambira.

(2) Kwa ma motors okhala ndi zomangira pansi pa chipolopolo, waya wapansi uyenera kulumikizidwa ndi zomangira pansi.

(3) Kwa ma motors opanda zomangira pansi pa chipolopolo, pamafunika kukhazikitsa zomangira pamalo oyenera pa chipolopolo chamoto.

kulumikiza ndi waya pansi.

(4) Chigoba chamoto chokhala ndi magetsi odalirika omwe ali ndi maziko okhazikika sangakhazikitsidwe, ndipo waya woyakirapo adzakonzedwa.

mwaukhondo ndi mokongola.

Zofunikira zofunika pa switchboard grounding

(1) Waya wapansi wa bolodi yogawayo uyenera kulumikizidwa ndi gululi wokhazikika wa mbewu yonse ndi chitsulo chophwanyika.Ngati ili kutali

mzere woyambira kapena waya wokhazikika wachitsulo umakhudza kukongola kwa chilengedwe, thupi lokhazikika lachilengedwe liyenera kukhala

agwiritsidwe ntchito momwe angathere, kapena waya wofewa wa mkuwa agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati waya woyatsira pansi.

(2) Pamene kondakitala wopanda mkuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati waya wotsikirapo wa switchboard yamagetsi otsika, gawolo liyenera kukhala lochepera 6mm2, ndipo ngati

waya wamkuwa wotsekedwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito, gawolo siliyenera kukhala lochepera 4mm2.

(3) Kwa bolodi yogawa yokhala ndi zomangira pansi pa chipolopolo, waya wapansi uyenera kulumikizidwa ndi zomangira.

(4) Kwa bolodi yogawa popanda kuyika wononga pa chipolopolo, pamafunika kukhazikitsa zomangira pansi pamalo oyenera a

Chipolopolo cha board board kuti chigwirizane ndi mzere woyambira.

(5) Chigoba cha bolodi yogawa ndi kukhudzana ndi magetsi odalirika ndi thupi lokhazikika likhoza kukhala lopanda maziko.

Kuyang'ana ndi kuyeza njira ya waya pansi

(1) Asanayesedwe, mtunda wokwanira wotetezedwa uyenera kusungidwa kuchokera ku zida zoyesedwa kuti mupewe kukhudzana mwangozi ndi magawo amoyo komanso ozungulira,

ndipo mayeso adzayesedwa ndi anthu awiri.

(2) Kuyesedwa kusanachitike, sankhani zida zokanira za multimeter, kufupikitsa ma probes awiri a multimeter, ndi zida zolimbikitsira

mita akuwonetsa 0.

(3) Lumikizani mbali imodzi ya kafukufukuyo ku waya wapansi ndi mapeto ena kumalo apadera opangira zida.

(4) Pamene zida zoyesedwa zilibe malo apadera oyambira, mbali ina ya kafukufukuyo idzayesedwa pamtunda kapena

chigawo chachitsulo cha zipangizo zamagetsi.

(5) Gulu lalikulu loyambira kapena cholumikizira chodalirika ndi gridi yayikulu yoyambira ziyenera kusankhidwa ngati poyambira, ndi

okusayidi pamwamba ayenera kuchotsedwa kuonetsetsa kukhudzana bwino.

(6) Mtengowo udzawerengedwa pambuyo poti chizindikiro cha mita chikhale chokhazikika, ndipo mtengo wotsutsa pansi udzatsatira malamulo.