Mizere yomwe imatumiza mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera kumalo opangira magetsi kupita kumalo opangira magetsi komanso mizere yolumikizirana pakati pa makina amagetsi nthawi zambiri imakhala.

amatchedwa ma transmission lines.Ukadaulo watsopano wamakina opatsirana omwe tikunena lero siatsopano, ndipo ukhoza kufananizidwa ndi

idayikidwa mochedwa kuposa mizere yathu wamba.Ambiri mwa matekinoloje "atsopano" awa ndi okhwima ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu gridi yathu yamagetsi.Masiku ano, wamba

Njira zotumizira zomwe timatcha matekinoloje "zatsopano" akufupikitsidwa motere:

Ukadaulo wa gridi yayikulu

"Gridi yamagetsi yayikulu" imatanthawuza mphamvu yolumikizirana, njira yolumikizira mphamvu yolumikizirana kapena mphamvu yolumikizana yopangidwa ndi cholumikizira.

zamagulu angapo amagetsi am'deralo kapena ma gridi amagetsi amchigawo.Dongosolo lolumikizidwa lamagetsi ndi kulumikizana kolumikizana kwa nambala yaying'ono

malo olumikizirana pakati pa ma gridi amagetsi amchigawo ndi ma gridi amagetsi adziko;The ophatikizana mphamvu dongosolo ali ndi makhalidwe ogwirizana

kukonzekera ndi kutumiza molingana ndi mapangano kapena mapangano.Makina awiri kapena angapo ang'onoang'ono amalumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi kuti agwirizane

ntchito, zomwe zingathe kupanga dongosolo la mphamvu zachigawo.Magawo angapo amagetsi amagetsi amalumikizidwa ndi ma grids kuti apange mphamvu yolumikizana

dongosolo.Dongosolo logwirizana lamagetsi ndi dongosolo lamagetsi lomwe lili ndi mapulani ogwirizana, kumanga kogwirizana, kutumiza ndi kugwirira ntchito limodzi.

Gululi lalikulu lamagetsi lili ndi mawonekedwe oyambira kwambiri komanso ma voltage opitilira muyeso, mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yotumizira.

ndi kutumizirana mtunda wautali.Gululi lili ndi netiweki yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ya AC, ma ultra-high voltage AC transmission network ndi

ultra-high voltage AC transmission network, komanso Ultra-high voltage DC transmission network ndi high-voltage DC transmission network,

kupanga dongosolo lamakono lamagetsi ndi mawonekedwe osanjikiza, ozungulira komanso omveka bwino.

Malire a mphamvu zazikulu zotumizira ndi kufalikira kwa mtunda wautali zimagwirizana ndi mphamvu yopatsirana zachilengedwe komanso kusokoneza mafunde.

ya mzere wokhala ndi mulingo wamagetsi wofananira.Kukwera kwa voteji ya mzere ndi, mphamvu yachilengedwe yomwe imatumiza, imakhala yochepa kwambiri

Impedans, patali mtunda wa kufala ndi kukulirapo kwa kufalikira kwamitundu.Kumalumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa ma gridi amagetsi

kapena zigawo mphamvu grids ndi.Kukhazikika kwa gridi yonse yamagetsi pambuyo pa kulumikizidwa kumagwirizana ndi kuthekera kwa gridi iliyonse yothandizira

zina zikalephera, ndiko kuti, kukulitsa mphamvu yosinthanitsa ya mizere pakati pa ma gridi amagetsi kapena ma gridi amagetsi amchigawo, kuyandikira kulumikizana,

komanso kukhazikika kwa gridi.

Gulu lamagetsi ndi njira yotumizira magetsi yopangidwa ndi malo ocheperako, malo ogawa, mizere yamagetsi ndi zida zina zamagetsi.Mwa iwo,

kuchuluka kwa mizere yopatsira yomwe ili ndi mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa voteji ndi malo ofananirako ndi omwe amapanga grid yotumizira msana.

network.Magetsi amchigawo amatanthawuza gululi yamagetsi yamagetsi akuluakulu okhala ndi mphamvu zowongolera bwino kwambiri, monga zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi zaku China.

Magetsi amchigawo, pomwe gulu lililonse lamagetsi lachigawo lili ndi malo akulu opangira magetsi otenthetsera ndi malo opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi omwe amatumizidwa mwachindunji ndi ofesi ya grid.

Tekinoloje yotumizira ma compact

Mfundo yofunikira yaukadaulo wophatikizira wophatikizika ndikuwongolera masanjidwe a kondakitala a mizere yotumizira, kuchepetsa mtunda pakati pa magawo,

onjezerani masitayilo a ma conductor ophatikizidwa (ma sub conductors) ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma conductor omwe ali ndi mitolo (ma sub conductor, Ndi chuma

ukadaulo wotumizira womwe ungathe kusintha kwambiri mphamvu zakufalitsa zachilengedwe, ndikuwongolera kusokoneza kwa wailesi ndi kutayika kwa corona pa

mulingo wovomerezeka, kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mabwalo opatsirana, kupanikizana m'lifupi mwa makonde, kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka, ndi zina zotero, ndikuwongolera

mphamvu yotumizira.

Makhalidwe abwino a mizere yopatsirana ya EHV AC yophatikizika poyerekeza ndi mizere wamba yopatsira ndi:

① Woyendetsa gawo amatengera mawonekedwe ogawanika angapo ndikuwonjezera malo owongolera;

② Chepetsani mtunda pakati pa magawo.Pofuna kupewa kuyendayenda kwachidule pakati pa magawo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa conductor, spacer imagwiritsidwa ntchito

konzani mtunda pakati pa magawo;

③ Mlongoti ndi nsanja yopanda chimango idzalandiridwa.

500kV Luobai I-circuit AC transmission line yomwe yatengera ukadaulo wa compact transmission ndi gawo la Luoping Baise la 500kV.

Tianguang IV dera kufala ndi kusintha ntchito.Aka ndi nthawi yoyamba ku China kugwiritsa ntchito luso limeneli m'madera okwera komanso nthawi yaitali.

mtunda mizere.Ntchito yotumiza ndi kusintha mphamvuyi idayamba kugwira ntchito mu June 2005, ndipo ndiyokhazikika pakali pano.

The yaying'ono kufala luso sangathe kwambiri kusintha mphamvu zachilengedwe kufala, komanso kuchepetsa kufala mphamvu

korido ndi 27.4 mu pa kilomita, zomwe zingachepetse kuwononga mitengo, kubweza mbewu zazing'ono ndikugwetsa nyumba, ndi

phindu lalikulu lazachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Pakali pano, China Southern Power Grid ikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa 500kV Guizhou Shibing kupita ku Guangdong.

Xianlingshan, Yunnan 500kV Dehong ndi ma projekiti ena otumiza ndi kusintha mphamvu.

Kutumiza kwa HVDC

Kutumiza kwa HVDC ndikosavuta kuzindikira maukonde asynchronous;Ndiwotsika mtengo kuposa kufalitsa kwa AC pamwamba pa mtunda wofunikira kwambiri;

Mzere womwewo umatha kufalitsa mphamvu zambiri kuposa AC, kotero umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamayendedwe akutali kwambiri, maukonde amagetsi,

mtunda wautali chingwe chapansi pamadzi kapena kufalitsa chingwe chapansi panthaka m'mizinda ikuluikulu, kuwala kwa DC kufalitsa mu network yogawa, etc.

Makina amakono otumizira magetsi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magetsi okwera kwambiri, ma ultra-high voltage DC transmission ndi AC transmission.UHV ndi UHV

Ukadaulo wopatsirana wa DC uli ndi mawonekedwe a mtunda wautali, kufalikira kwakukulu, kuwongolera kosinthika komanso kutumiza kosavuta.

Kwa ma projekiti otumizirana ma DC okhala ndi mphamvu yotumizira mphamvu pafupifupi 1000km ndi mphamvu yotumizira mphamvu yosapitilira 3 miliyoni kW,

± 500kV voteji mlingo nthawi zambiri amatengera;Pamene mphamvu kufala mphamvu kuposa 3 miliyoni kW ndi mphamvu kufala mtunda upambana

1500km, mlingo wa voteji wa ± 600kV kapena pamwamba nthawi zambiri amatengera;Pamene kufala mtunda kufika pafupifupi 2000km, m'pofunika kuganizira

ma voltage okwera kwambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito mokwanira zida zoyendera mizere, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mabwalo opatsirana ndikuchepetsa kutaya kutayika.

HVDC kufala luso ndi ntchito mkulu-mphamvu mphamvu zigawo zikuluzikulu zamagetsi, monga high-voltage mkulu-mphamvu thyristor, turnoff silikoni ankalamulira.

GTO, insulated chipata bipolar transistor IGBT ndi zigawo zina kupanga rectification ndi inversion zida kukwaniritsa mkulu-voltage, mtunda wautali.

kufalitsa mphamvu.Ukadaulo woyenerera umaphatikizapo ukadaulo wamagetsi amagetsi, ukadaulo wa microelectronics, ukadaulo wowongolera makompyuta, watsopano

Insulation zipangizo, kuwala CHIKWANGWANI, superconductivity, kayeseleledwe ndi mphamvu dongosolo ntchito, kulamulira ndi kukonzekera.

HVDC transmission system ndi dongosolo lovuta lopangidwa ndi gulu la converter valve, converter transformer, DC fyuluta, smoothing reactor, DC transmission.

mzere, fyuluta yamagetsi kumbali ya AC ndi mbali ya DC, chipangizo chowongolera mphamvu, chosinthira cha DC, chida choteteza ndi kuwongolera, zida zothandizira ndi

zigawo zina (machitidwe).Amapangidwa makamaka ndi masiteshoni awiri osinthira ndi mizere yopatsira ya DC, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi makina a AC mbali zonse ziwiri.

Ukadaulo wapakatikati pakupatsirana kwa DC umayang'ana kwambiri zida zosinthira.Malo osinthira amazindikira kutembenuka kwa DC ndi

AC.Malo osinthira amaphatikizapo rectifier station ndi inverter station.Malo okonzanso amasintha mphamvu ya magawo atatu a AC kukhala mphamvu ya DC, ndi

inverter station imasintha mphamvu ya DC kuchokera ku mizere ya DC kukhala mphamvu ya AC.Vavu yosinthira ndiye chida chachikulu chothandizira kutembenuka pakati pa DC ndi AC

mu converter station.Pogwira ntchito, chosinthiracho chidzapanga ma harmonics apamwamba mbali zonse za AC ndi mbali ya DC, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokoneza kwa harmonic,

Kuwongolera kosakhazikika kwa zida zosinthira, kutenthedwa kwa ma jenereta ndi ma capacitors, ndikusokoneza njira yolumikizirana.Chifukwa chake, kuponderezedwa

zoyenera kuchita.Fyuluta imayikidwa mu chosinthira cha DC transmission system kuti itenge ma harmonics apamwamba kwambiri.Kuwonjezera kuyamwa

ma harmonics, fyuluta yomwe ili kumbali ya AC imaperekanso mphamvu zoyambira, DC side fyuluta imagwiritsa ntchito riyakitala yosalala kuti ichepetse harmonic.

Converter station

Kutumiza kwa UHV

UHV mphamvu kufala ali ndi makhalidwe a mphamvu yaikulu kufala mphamvu, yaitali mphamvu kufala mtunda, Kuphunzira lonse, kupulumutsa mzere

makonde, kutayika kwapang'ono, ndikukwaniritsa kukhathamiritsa kwazinthu zambiri.Itha kupanga gululi yam'mbuyo ya mphamvu ya UHV

gululi malinga ndi kugawa mphamvu, masanjidwe katundu, mphamvu kufala, kusinthanitsa mphamvu ndi zina zofunika.

Kutumiza kwa UHV AC ndi UHV DC kuli ndi zabwino zake.Nthawi zambiri, kutumizira kwa UHV AC ndikoyenera kumanga gridi yamagetsi apamwamba

mulingo ndi mizere yomangirira chigawo kuti apititse patsogolo kukhazikika kwadongosolo;Kutumiza kwa UHV DC ndikoyenera mtunda wautali wautali

Kutumiza kwa malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi opangira mphamvu yamadzi ndi malo opangira magetsi a malasha kuti apititse patsogolo chuma cha zomangamanga.

UHV AC transmission line ndi ya yunifolomu yaitali mzere, amene amadziwika kuti kukana, inductance, capacitance ndi conductance.

motsatira mzere amagawidwa mosalekeza komanso mofanana pa chingwe chonse chotumizira.Pokambirana mavuto, magetsi makhalidwe a

mzerewu nthawi zambiri umafotokozedwa ndi kukana r1, inductance L1, capacitance C1 ndi conductance g1 pa kutalika kwa unit.Khalidwe la impedance

ndi kufalitsa kokwanira kwa mizere yofananira yayitali yopatsirana nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekezera kukonzekereratu kwa mizere yopatsira EHV.

Flexible AC transmission system

Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) ndi njira yotumizira AC yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono wamagetsi, ukadaulo wa microelectronics,

ukadaulo wolumikizirana komanso ukadaulo wamakono wowongolera kuti usinthe mwachangu komanso mwachangu ndikuwongolera kuyenda kwamagetsi ndi magawo amagetsi,

kuonjezera kuwongolera kwadongosolo ndikukweza mphamvu zotumizira.Ukadaulo wa FACTS ndiukadaulo watsopano wotumizira ma AC, womwe umadziwikanso kuti flexible

(kapena kusinthasintha) ukadaulo wowongolera kufalitsa.Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa FACTS sikungangowongolera kuthamanga kwamagetsi pamitundu yayikulu ndikupeza

kugawa kwamagetsi koyenera, komanso kumapangitsanso kukhazikika kwamagetsi, potero kumapangitsa kuti chingwe chopatsirana chikhale chokwanira.

Ukadaulo wa FACTS umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagawo ogawa kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi.Imatchedwa flexible AC transmission system DFACTS ya

njira yogawa kapena ukadaulo wa ogula CPT.M'mabuku ena, amatchedwa ukadaulo wamagetsi osasunthika kapena mphamvu zosinthidwa makonda

luso.