Mawu Oyamba

Kupanga mphamvu za biomass ndiye njira yayikulu kwambiri komanso yokhwima kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya biomass.China ili ndi chuma chochuluka cha biomass,

makamaka zinyalala zaulimi, zinyalala za m’nkhalango, manyowa a ziweto, zinyalala za m’matauni, zinyalala za organic ndi zinyalala zotsalira.Zonse

kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mphamvu chaka chilichonse ndizofanana ndi matani pafupifupi 460 miliyoni a malasha wamba.Mu 2019, a

mphamvu zopangira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi zakwera kuchoka pa ma kilowatts 131 miliyoni mchaka cha 2018 kufika pa ma kilowatts pafupifupi 139 miliyoni, zomwe zikuwonjezeka.

pafupifupi 6%.Mphamvu zamagetsi pachaka zidakwera kuchoka pa 546 biliyoni mu 2018 kufika pa 591 biliyoni mu 2019, zomwe zikuwonjezeka pafupifupi 9%,

makamaka ku EU ndi Asia, makamaka China.Dongosolo la zaka 13 la China la Biomass Energy Development likufuna kuti pofika 2020, chiwonkhetso chonse.

Kuthekera kwa mphamvu zopangira mphamvu za biomass kuyenera kufika pa kilowatts 15 miliyoni, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yapachaka iyenera kufikira 90 biliyoni.

kilowatt maola.Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019, mphamvu yaku China yopangira mphamvu zamagetsi idakwera kuchoka pa ma kilowatts 17.8 miliyoni mu 2018 mpaka

22.54 miliyoni kilowatts, ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yapachaka yoposa 111 biliyoni kilowatt maola, kupitirira zolinga za 13th Five Year Plan.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, cholinga cha kukula kwa mphamvu yaku China yaku biomass ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zaulimi ndi nkhalango ndi zinyalala zolimba zamatawuni.

mu dongosolo cogeneration kupereka mphamvu ndi kutentha kwa madera akumidzi.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa waukadaulo wopangira mphamvu za biomass

Kupanga magetsi kwa Biomass kudayamba mu 1970s.Pambuyo pa vuto la mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, Denmark ndi mayiko ena akumadzulo anayamba

gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu za biomass monga udzu popangira magetsi.Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1990, ukadaulo wopangira magetsi wa biomass wapangidwa mwamphamvu

ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Ulaya ndi ku United States.Pakati pawo, Denmark wapanga bwino kwambiri pa chitukuko cha

kupangira mphamvu kwa biomass.Chiyambireni malo oyamba opangira magetsi opangira udzu wa bio combustion ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito mu 1988, Denmark idapanga

zoposa 100 zopangira magetsi pa biomass mpaka pano, kukhala chizindikiro cha chitukuko cha mphamvu zamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.Kuphatikiza apo,

Mayiko akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia apitanso patsogolo pakuwotcha mwachindunji kwa biomass pogwiritsa ntchito mankhusu a mpunga, bagasse ndi zinthu zina zopangira.

Kupanga magetsi kwa biomass ku China kudayamba cha m'ma 1990.Pambuyo polowa m'zaka za zana la 21, ndikuyambitsa ndondomeko za dziko zothandizira

chitukuko cha kupanga magetsi pa biomass, chiwerengero ndi gawo la mphamvu zamafakitale opangira magetsi akuchulukirachulukira chaka ndi chaka.Pankhani ya

kusintha kwa nyengo ndi zofunikira zochepetsera umuna wa CO2, kutulutsa mphamvu kwa biomass kumatha kuchepetsa CO2 ndi mpweya wina woipa,

ndipo ngakhale kukwaniritsa ziro CO2 mpweya, choncho wakhala mbali yofunika ya kafukufuku ofufuza m'zaka zaposachedwapa.

Malinga ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito, ukadaulo wopangira mphamvu za biomass ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: kutulutsa mphamvu zowotcha mwachindunji

ukadaulo, ukadaulo wopangira magetsi gasification komanso ukadaulo wophatikizira magetsi opangira magetsi.

M'malo mwake, kupanga magetsi oyatsa molunjika ku biomass ndikofanana kwambiri ndi magetsi opangira malasha, ndiye kuti, mafuta a biomass.

(zinyalala zaulimi, zinyalala za m'nkhalango, zinyalala zapakhomo, ndi zina zotero) zimatumizidwa mu boiler ya nthunzi yoyenera kuyatsa biomass, ndi mankhwala.

mphamvu mu biomass mafuta amasandulika mphamvu yamkati ya kutentha kwambiri ndi nthunzi yothamanga kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kuyaka kwapamwamba kwambiri.

ndondomeko, ndipo imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamakina kudzera mumayendedwe amagetsi a nthunzi, Pomaliza, mphamvu yamakina imasinthidwa kukhala magetsi.

mphamvu kudzera mu jenereta.

Kuphatikizika kwa biomass pakupanga magetsi kumaphatikizapo izi: (1) biomass gasification, pyrolysis ndi gasification wa biomass pambuyo kuphwanya,

kuyanika ndi mankhwala ena asanakhalepo pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti apange mpweya wokhala ndi zinthu zoyaka monga CO, CH₄ndi

H ₂;(2) Kuyeretsa gasi: mpweya woyaka wopangidwa panthawi yamafuta amalowetsedwa mu dongosolo loyeretsera kuti achotse zonyansa monga phulusa,

coke ndi phula, kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pakulowera kwa zida zopangira magetsi otsika;(3) Kuyaka kwa gasi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi.

Gasi woyeretsedwa amalowetsedwa mu turbine ya gasi kapena injini yoyaka mkati kuti uyake ndi kupanga magetsi, kapena akhoza kuyambitsidwa

mu boiler kuti uyake, ndipo chotenthetsera chokwera kwambiri komanso chowotcha kwambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa makina opangira magetsi kuti apange mphamvu.

Chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimamwazikana, kuchulukirachulukira kwa mphamvu zochepa komanso kusonkhanitsa zovuta ndi zoyendetsa, kuyaka kwachindunji kwa biomass kuti apange magetsi.

imadalira kwambiri kukhazikika komanso chuma chamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukwera mtengo kwamagetsi opangira magetsi.Mphamvu yophatikizidwa ndi biomass

Generation ndi njira yopangira magetsi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta a biomass kusintha mafuta ena (nthawi zambiri malasha) poyaka.Imakulitsa kusinthasintha

mafuta a biomass ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito malasha, pozindikira CO₂kuchepetsa utsi wamagetsi amagetsi oyaka ndi malasha.Pakalipano, biomass ikugwirizana

matekinoloje opangira magetsi makamaka amaphatikiza: kuyaka kosakanikirana kophatikizana ndi ukadaulo wopangira magetsi, kuyaka kosalunjika kuphatikiza mphamvu

teknoloji yopangira magetsi ndi teknoloji yopangira mphamvu ya steam.

1. Ukadaulo wopangira mphamvu za biomass mwachindunji

Kutengera ma seti a jenereta omwe amawotchedwa pano, malinga ndi mitundu ya ng'anjo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzochita zaumisiri, amatha kugawidwa kwambiri.

muukadaulo woyatsira wosanjikiza komanso ukadaulo woyaka moto [2].

Kuyaka kwazitsulo kumatanthauza kuti mafuta amaperekedwa ku kabati yokhazikika kapena yam'manja, ndipo mpweya umayambitsidwa kuchokera pansi pa kabati kuti uzichita.

kuyaka anachita kudzera mafuta wosanjikiza.The woimira wosanjikiza kuyaka luso ndi kuyambitsa madzi utakhazikika vibrating kabati

ukadaulo wopangidwa ndi Kampani ya BWE ku Denmark, ndipo woyamba biomass magetsi ku China - Shanxian Power Plant ku Province la Shandong anali

inamangidwa mu 2006. Chifukwa cha phulusa lochepa komanso kutentha kwakukulu kwa mafuta a biomass, mbale za grate zimawonongeka mosavuta chifukwa cha kutenthedwa ndi kutentha.

kuzizira kosauka.Chofunikira kwambiri cha kabati wothira madzi utakhazikika ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso njira yozizirira, yomwe imathetsa vuto la kabati.

kutentha kwambiri.Ndi kuyambitsa ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso la Danish madzi-utakhazikika vibrating grate, mabizinesi ambiri apakhomo ayambitsa.

ukadaulo wa biomass grate combustion wokhala ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha waluso kudzera mu kuphunzira ndi kugaya, zomwe zayikidwa pamlingo waukulu.

ntchito.Opanga oyimira akuphatikizapo Shanghai Sifang Boiler Factory, Wuxi Huaguang Boiler Co., Ltd., etc.

Monga ukadaulo woyatsira wodziwika ndi fluidization ya tinthu zolimba, ukadaulo woyatsira bedi wa fluidized bed uli ndi zabwino zambiri pabedi.

ukadaulo woyaka pakuwotcha biomass.Choyamba, pali zinthu zambiri za bedi la inert mu bedi lamadzimadzi, lomwe lili ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso

wamphamvukusinthasintha kwamafuta a biomass okhala ndi madzi ambiri;Kachiwiri, kutentha kothandiza komanso kutengerapo misa kwa osakaniza olimba a gasi mu fluidized

bedi limatheketsamafuta a biomass kuti atenthedwe msanga akalowa m'ng'anjo.Pa nthawi yomweyo, zinthu bedi ndi mkulu kutentha mphamvu akhoza

sungani ng'anjokutentha, kuonetsetsa kuti kuyaka kukhazikika poyaka mafuta otsika a calorific, komanso kukhala ndi zabwino zina.

mu kusintha kwa katundu wa unit.Mothandizidwa ndi dongosolo lothandizira sayansi ndiukadaulo, Yunivesite ya Tsinghua yakhazikitsa "Biomass

Boiler ya Fluidized Bed YozunguliraTekinoloje yokhala ndi High Steam Parameters”, ndipo yapanga bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi 125 MW ultra-high

kupanikizika kamodzi kumatenthetsanso zotsalira zazozunguliramadzi otentha bedi boiler ndi luso limeneli, ndi woyamba 130 t/h mkulu-kutentha ndi mkulu-anzanu

wozungulira fluidized bedi boiler kuyatsa koyera chimanga udzu.

Chifukwa cha zitsulo zambiri zamchere ndi klorini zomwe zili mu biomass, makamaka zinyalala zaulimi, pali mavuto monga phulusa, slagging.

ndi dzimbirim'malo otentha otentha kwambiri panthawi yoyaka.Magawo a nthunzi a biomass boilers kunyumba ndi kunja

zambiri zapakatikutentha ndi sing'anga kuthamanga, ndi mphamvu m'badwo Mwachangu si mkulu.Chuma cha biomass layer chinathamangitsidwa

zoletsa kupanga magetsichitukuko chake chathanzi.

2. Ukadaulo wopangira mphamvu za biomass gasification

Kupanga magetsi kwa biomass gasification kumagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zopangira gasi kutembenuza zinyalala za biomass, kuphatikiza nkhuni, udzu, udzu, bagasse, ndi zina zambiri.

kugasi woyaka.Mpweya woyaka wopangidwa umatumizidwa ku makina opangira gasi kapena ma injini oyatsira mkati kuti apange mphamvu pambuyo pa fumbi.

kuchotsa ndikuchotsa coke ndi njira zina zoyeretsera [3].Pakalipano, ma reactors omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri amatha kugawidwa mu bedi lokhazikika

gasifiers, fluidizedzopangira gasifiri za bedi ndi zopangira mpweya wotuluka.Pabedi lokhazikika la gasifier, bedi lazinthu ndilokhazikika, ndipo kuyanika, pyrolysis,

oxidation, kuchepetsandi zochita zina zidzamalizidwa motsatizana, ndipo pamapeto pake zidzasinthidwa kukhala gasi wopangidwa.Malingana ndi kusiyana kwa kuyenda

njira pakati pa gasifierndi gasi wopangira, zopangira bedi zokhazikika zimakhala ndi mitundu itatu: kuyamwa mmwamba (kuthamanga kwa kauntala), kuyamwa pansi (kutsogolo

flow) ndi kuyamwa kopingasazopangira gasifiri.The fluidized bed gasifier imapangidwa ndi chipinda cha gasification ndi chogawa mpweya.Wothandizira gasifying ndi

mofanana kudyetsedwa mu gasifierkudzera mwa wogawa mpweya.Malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyana a gasi-olimba otaya, amatha kugawidwa kukhala kuwira

fluidized bedi gasifier ndi kuzunguliragasifier bedi fluidized.Wothandizira mpweya (oksijeni, nthunzi, ndi zina zotero) mu bedi loyenda lolowera limalowa mu biomass.

particles ndi sprayed mu ng'anjokudzera pamphuno.Mafuta abwino amamwazikana ndikuyimitsidwa mukuyenda kwamafuta othamanga kwambiri.Pansi pamwamba

kutentha, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tamafuta timachita mwachangu pambuyo pakekukhudzana ndi mpweya, kutulutsa kutentha kwambiri.Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatenthedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikupukutidwa ndi gasified

kupanga gasi wopangidwa ndi slag.Kwa kusinthidwa kokhazikikabedi gasifier, phula zili mu kaphatikizidwe mpweya ndi mkulu.The downdraft fixed bed gasifier

ili ndi dongosolo losavuta, chakudya chosavuta komanso chogwira ntchito bwino.

Pansi pa kutentha kwambiri, phula lopangidwa limatha kusweka kwathunthu kukhala mpweya woyaka, koma kutentha kwa mpweya wa gasifier ndikokwera.The fluidized

bedigasifier ali ndi ubwino wake kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira gasification, yunifolomu gasi-olimba kukhudzana mu ng'anjo ndi nthawi zonse kutentha kutentha, koma

zidakapangidwe ndi zovuta, phulusa zili mu kaphatikizidwe mpweya ndi mkulu, ndi kutsika kuyeretsedwa dongosolo chofunika kwambiri.The

ophunzitsidwa kuyenda gasifierali ndi zofunika mkulu pretreatment zinthu ndipo ayenera wophwanyidwa mu particles zabwino kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo angathe

chitani kwathunthu pakanthawi kochepanthawi yokhalamo.

Pamene kukula kwa magetsi a biomass gasification kuli kochepa, chuma chimakhala chabwino, mtengo wake ndi wotsika, ndipo ndi woyenera kumidzi komanso kumwazikana.

kumidzi,zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuwonjezera mphamvu zaku China.Vuto lalikulu lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa ndi phula lopangidwa ndi biomass

mpweya.Pamene aphula la gasi lomwe limapangidwa munjira ya gasification litakhazikika, lipanga phula lamadzi, lomwe lidzatsekereza payipi ndikukhudza

ntchito yachibadwa ya mphamvuzida zopangira.

3. Ukadaulo wophatikiza mphamvu wa biomass

Mtengo wamafuta pakuwotchera zinyalala zaulimi ndi nkhalango popangira magetsi ndiye vuto lalikulu lomwe likulepheretsa mphamvu ya biomass.

m'badwomakampani.Gulu lopangira magetsi la biomass direct fired lili ndi mphamvu zochepa, magawo otsika komanso chuma chochepa, chomwe chimachepetsanso

kugwiritsa ntchito biomass.Kuwotcha kwamafuta a biomass ndi njira yochepetsera mtengo.Pakali pano, njira yothandiza kwambiri yochepetsera

mtengo wamafuta ndi wowotchera ndi malashakupanga mphamvu.Mu 2016, dzikolo linapereka Malingaliro Otsogolera pa Kupititsa patsogolo Kuthamangitsidwa kwa Makala ndi Biomass.

Coupled Power Generation, zomwe kwambiriidalimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi kukwezedwa kwa ukadaulo wopangira magetsi wa biomass.Posachedwapa

zaka, dzuwa la biomass mphamvu kupanga alizakhala bwino kwambiri posintha malo opangira magetsi oyaka ndi malasha,

kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi opangira malasha ophatikizana ndi biomass, ndiUbwino waukadaulo wamagawo akulu opangira magetsi oyaka ndi malasha pakuchita bwino kwambiri

ndi kuipitsa kochepa.The luso njira akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

(1) kuyaka mwachindunji lumikiza pambuyo kuphwanya / pulverizing, kuphatikizapo mitundu itatu ya kuyaka kwa mphero yemweyo ndi chowotcha chomwecho, osiyana

mphero ndichoyatsira chomwecho, ndi mphero zosiyanasiyana zoyatsa zosiyanasiyana;(2) Kuphatikizika kosalunjika pambuyo pa gasification, biomass imapanga

gasi woyakagasification ndondomeko ndiyeno akulowa ng'anjo kuyaka;(3) Kulumikizana kwa nthunzi pambuyo kuyaka kwa biomass yapadera

boiler.Direct combustion coupling ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamlingo waukulu, ndikuchita bwino kwambiri komanso ndalama zochepa.

kuzungulira.Pamene akugwirizana chiŵerengero si mkulu, processing mafuta, kusungirako, mafunsidwe, otaya kufanana ndi zotsatira zake pa kukatentha chitetezo ndi chuma.

chifukwa cha kutentha kwa biomasszathetsedwa mwaukadaulo kapena kulamulidwa.Ukadaulo wophatikiza zoyatsira zosalunjika umachitira biomass ndi malasha

payokha, amene kwambiri chosinthika kwamitundu ya biomass, imagwiritsa ntchito biomass yocheperako pakupanga mphamvu yamagetsi, ndikupulumutsa mafuta.Ikhoza kuthetsa vutoli

mavuto a dzimbiri zitsulo alkali ndi boiler coking inkuyaka kwachindunji kwa biomass kumlingo wakutiwakuti, koma polojekitiyi ili ndi umphawi

scalability ndipo siyoyenera ma boilers akuluakulu.M'mayiko akunja,njira yolumikizirana mwachindunji imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Monga osalunjika

kuyaka akafuna ndi odalirika, ndi yosalunjika kuyaka lumikiza mphamvu m'badwozochokera kuzungulira fluidized bedi gasification panopa

ukadaulo wotsogola wogwiritsa ntchito biomass coupling magetsi ku China.Mu 2018,Datang Changshan Power Plant, dziko

chigawo choyamba cha 660MW chopangira magetsi opangira malasha kuphatikiza ndi 20MW biomass yopanga mphamvupulojekiti yowonetsera, yopindula a

kupambana kwathunthu.Pulojekitiyi imagwiritsa ntchito biomass yodziyimira payokha yomwe imazungulira mozungulira madzi amadzimadzi ophatikizidwakupanga mphamvu

Njira, yomwe imadya pafupifupi matani 100000 a udzu wa biomass chaka chilichonse, imakwaniritsa ma kilowatt 110 miliyoni maola opangira magetsi kuchokera ku biomass,

imapulumutsa pafupifupi matani 40000 a malasha wamba, ndikuchepetsa pafupifupi matani 140000 a CO.₂.

Kusanthula ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko chaukadaulo wopangira mphamvu za biomass

Ndikusintha kwa njira yochepetsera mpweya waku China komanso msika wogulitsa kaboni, komanso kukhazikitsidwa mosalekeza.

za mfundo zothandizira kupanga magetsi opangidwa ndi malasha opangidwa ndi malasha, ukadaulo wopangira magetsi pa biomass ukuyenda bwino.

mwayi wachitukuko.Kusamalidwa kopanda vuto kwa zinyalala zaulimi ndi nkhalango komanso zinyalala zapakhomo zam'tawuni nthawi zonse zakhala maziko a

mavuto azachilengedwe akumidzi ndi akumidzi omwe maboma ang'onoang'ono akuyenera kuthana nawo mwachangu.Tsopano ufulu wokonzekera ntchito zopangira mphamvu za biomass

yaperekedwa kumaboma ang'onoang'ono.Maboma ang'onoang'ono atha kumangiriza zaulimi ndi nkhalango ndi zinyalala za m'matauni pamodzi pantchito

akukonzekera kulimbikitsa ntchito zophatikizira zophatikizika zopangira magetsi.

Kuphatikiza pa ukadaulo woyaka moto, chinsinsi chakukula kosalekeza kwamakampani opanga magetsi a biomass ndi chitukuko chodziyimira pawokha,

kukhwima ndi kusintha kwa njira zothandizira, monga kusonkhanitsa mafuta a biomass, kuphwanya, kuyesa ndi kudyetsa.Nthawi yomweyo,

Kupanga ukadaulo wotsogola wamafuta a biomass ndikuwongolera kusinthika kwa chipangizo chimodzi kumafuta angapo a biomass ndiye maziko.

pozindikira kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopangira magetsi otsika mtengo kwambiri m'tsogolomu.

1. malasha fired unit biomass mwachindunji lumikiza kuyaka magetsi

Kuthekera kwa mayunitsi opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi biomass mwachindunji nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa (≤ 50MW), ndipo magawo ofananira nawo amawotcha amakhala otsika,

kawirikawiri mkulu kuthamanga magawo kapena kutsika.Chifukwa chake, mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zamapulojekiti opangira magetsi oyaka moto nthawi zambiri zimakhala

osapitirira 30%.The biomass direct coupling combustion technology kutengera 300MW subcritical units kapena 600MW and above

mayunitsi apamwamba kwambiri kapena opitilira muyeso amatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi za biomass mpaka 40% kapena kupitilira apo.Komanso, ntchito mosalekeza

Magawo opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi biomass mwachindunji amadalira pakupezeka kwamafuta a biomass, pomwe magwiridwe antchito a biomass ophatikizana ndi malasha.

mayunitsi opangira magetsi sizitengera kuperekedwa kwa biomass.Kuphatikizika koyaka kotereku kumapangitsa msika wa biomass wopangira magetsi

mabizinesi ali ndi mphamvu zolimbirana.Ukadaulo wophatikiza mphamvu wa biomass utha kugwiritsanso ntchito ma boiler omwe alipo, ma turbines a nthunzi ndi

machitidwe othandizira amagetsi opangira malasha.Makina atsopano opangira mafuta a biomass okha ndi omwe amafunikira kuti asinthe zina pa kuyaka kwa boiler

dongosolo, kotero ndalama zoyamba ndizochepa.Njira zomwe zili pamwambazi zithandizira kwambiri phindu la mabizinesi opangira magetsi a biomass ndikuchepetsa

kudalira kwawo thandizo la mayiko.Pankhani ya umuna woipitsa, miyezo yoteteza chilengedwe yomwe imakhazikitsidwa ndi biomass direct fired

mapulojekiti opangira magetsi ndi otayirira, ndipo malire a utsi, SO2 ndi NOx ndi 20, 50 ndi 200 mg/Nm3 motsatana.Ma biomass ophatikizidwa

kupanga magetsi kumadalira mayunitsi oyambilira oyaka ndi malasha ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito miyezo yotsika kwambiri.Malire a mpweya wa mwaye, SO2

ndi NOx motsatana 10, 35 ndi 50mg/Nm3.Poyerekeza ndi biomass mwachindunji kuthamangitsidwa mphamvu zopangira mu sikelo yomweyo, utsi utsi, SO2

ndipo NOx imachepetsedwa ndi 50%, 30% ndi 75% motsatira, ndi phindu lalikulu la chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe.

Njira yaukadaulo yopangira ma boiler akuluakulu opangira malasha kuti azitha kusintha ma biomass mwachindunji ophatikizira magetsi atha kufotokozedwa mwachidule.

monga biomass particles - biomass mphero - njira yogawa mapaipi - mapaipi a malasha ophwanyidwa.Ngakhale zotsalira zazomera panopa mwachindunji pamodzi kuyaka

ukadaulo uli ndi vuto la kuyeza kovutira, ukadaulo wophatikizika wophatikizika kwambiri wamagetsi udzakhala njira yayikulu yachitukuko

ya biomass mphamvu zopangira mphamvu pambuyo pothetsa vutoli, Imatha kuzindikira kuyaka kophatikizana kwa biomass mugawo lililonse m'mayunitsi akulu oyaka ndi malasha, ndi

ali ndi makhalidwe a kukhwima, kudalirika ndi chitetezo.Tekinolojeyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, ndiukadaulo wopangira mphamvu za biomass

15%, 40% kapena 100% kuphatikiza gawo.Ntchitoyi imatha kuchitika m'magawo ang'onoang'ono ndikukulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chakuya cha CO2

kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa magawo apamwamba kwambiri + biomass kuphatikiza kuyaka + kutentha kwachigawo.

2. Mafuta a biomass pretreatment ndikuthandizira dongosolo lothandizira

Mafuta a biomass amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuchuluka kwa okosijeni, kutsika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komanso kutsika kwa calorific, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ngati mafuta komanso

Zimakhudza kwambiri kutembenuka kwake kwa thermochemical.Choyamba, zopangirazo zimakhala ndi madzi ambiri, zomwe zimachedwetsa pyrolysis reaction,

kuwononga kukhazikika kwa zinthu za pyrolysis, kuchepetsa kukhazikika kwa zida zowotchera, ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi.Chifukwa chake,

m'pofunika pretreat zotsalira zazomera mafuta pamaso thermochemical ntchito.

Ukadaulo waukadaulo wa biomass densification processing ukhoza kuchepetsa kukwera kwa mayendedwe ndi kusungirako ndalama chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa biomass.

mafuta.Poyerekeza ndi luso loyanika, kuphika mafuta a biomass mumlengalenga komanso kutentha kwina kungathe kutulutsa madzi ndi kutentha.

zinthu mu zotsalira zazomera, kusintha mafuta makhalidwe a zotsalira zazomera, kuchepetsa O/C ndi O/H.Zomera zophika zimawonetsa hydrophobicity ndipo ndizosavuta kukhala

wophwanyidwa mu particles zabwino.Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimathandizira kuwongolera kutembenuka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa biomass.

Kuphwanya ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yosinthira mphamvu ya biomass ndikugwiritsa ntchito.Pakuti zotsalira zazomera briquette, kuchepetsa tinthu kukula akhoza

kuonjezera enieni padziko ndi adhesion pakati particles pa psinjika.Ngati tinthu kukula ndi lalikulu, izo zimakhudza Kutentha mlingo

wa mafuta komanso ngakhale kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zosakhazikika, potero zimakhudza mtundu wa zinthu za gasification.M'tsogolomu, zikhoza kuganiziridwa kumanga a

biomass mafuta pretreatment chomera mkati kapena pafupi ndi fakitale yopangira magetsi kuti awotcha ndi kuphwanya zinthu za biomass.National "13th Five Year Plan" ikuwonetsanso momveka bwino

kuti biomass olimba tinthu mafuta luso adzakhala akweza, ndi ntchito pachaka biomass briquette mafuta adzakhala matani 30 miliyoni.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuphunzira mwamphamvu komanso mozama ukadaulo wa biomass fuel pretreatment.

Poyerekeza ndi mayunitsi wamba amagetsi otenthetsera, kusiyana kwakukulu kwamagetsi opangira magetsi kumapezeka munjira yoperekera mafuta a biomass ndi zina.

ukadaulo woyaka moto.Pakali pano, zida zazikulu zoyaka moto zopangira magetsi ku China, monga thupi lotenthetsera, zakwanitsa kukhazikika,

koma pali mavuto ena mu kayendedwe ka biomass.Zinyalala zaulimi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofewa kwambiri, komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito

njira yopangira mphamvu ndi yayikulu.Makina opangira magetsi amayenera kukonza zolipiritsa molingana ndi momwe mafuta amagwiritsidwira ntchito.Apo

Pali mitundu yambiri yamafuta omwe alipo, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mosakanikirana kwamafuta angapo kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala osagwirizana komanso atsekeke m'dongosolo la chakudya, komanso mafuta.

Kugwira ntchito mkati mwa boiler kumakonda kusinthasintha kwamphamvu.Titha kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira ubwino wa fluidized bedi kuyaka luso mu

kusinthasintha kwamafuta, ndikuyamba kupanga ndikuwongolera njira yowonera ndi kudyetsera kutengera chowotchera chamadzimadzi.

4, Malingaliro pazatsopano zodziyimira pawokha komanso chitukuko chaukadaulo wopangira mphamvu za biomass

Mosiyana ndi magwero ena a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, kutukuka kwaukadaulo wopangira magetsi ku biomass kudzangokhudza phindu lazachuma, osati

anthu.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kupanga magetsi kuchokera ku biomass kumafunanso mankhwala osavulaza komanso ochepetsedwa a zinyalala zaulimi ndi nkhalango ndi zapakhomo

zinyalala.Phindu lake la chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe chake ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuposa mphamvu zake.Ngakhale zabwino zomwe zimadza chifukwa chakukula kwa biomass

ukadaulo wopangira magetsi ndi wofunikira kutsimikizira, zovuta zina zaukadaulo pazopanga zopangira mphamvu za biomass sizingakhale bwino

zoyankhidwa chifukwa cha zinthu monga njira zoyezera mopanda ungwiro ndi miyezo ya biomass kuphatikiza mphamvu zamagetsi, kufooka kwachuma chaboma

thandizo, ndi kusowa kwa chitukuko cha matekinoloje atsopano, zomwe ndi zifukwa zochepetsera chitukuko cha mphamvu zopangira magetsi.

tekinoloje, Chifukwa chake, njira zoyenera ziyenera kutsatiridwa kuti zilimbikitse.

(1) Ngakhale kuyambika kwaukadaulo ndi chitukuko chodziyimira pawokha ndi njira zazikulu zopangira mphamvu zapanyumba

makampani opanga, tiyenera kuzindikira momveka bwino kuti ngati tikufuna kukhala ndi njira yomaliza, tiyenera kuyesetsa kutenga njira yachitukuko chodziyimira pawokha,

ndiyeno nthawi zonse kupititsa patsogolo matekinoloje apakhomo.Pakadali pano, ndizofunikira kwambiri kupanga ndikusintha ukadaulo wopangira magetsi a biomass, ndi

matekinoloje ena omwe ali ndi chuma chabwino angagwiritsidwe ntchito malonda;Ndi kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kukhwima kwa biomass monga mphamvu yayikulu ndi

ukadaulo wopangira mphamvu za biomass, biomass idzakhala ndi mikhalidwe yopikisana ndi mafuta oyambira.

(2) Mtengo wowongolera chikhalidwe cha anthu utha kuchepetsedwa pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa magawo opangira mphamvu zowononga zinyalala zaulimi komanso

kuchuluka kwa makampani opanga magetsi, kwinaku akulimbikitsa kuyang'anira kasamalidwe ka ntchito zopangira magetsi kuchokera ku biomass.Pankhani ya mafuta

kugula, kuonetsetsa kuperekedwa kokwanira komanso kwapamwamba kwa zida zopangira, ndikuyala maziko okhazikika komanso ogwira ntchito bwino amagetsi.

(3) Kupititsa patsogolo ndondomeko za msonkho zamtundu wa biomass magetsi, kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake

kusintha, kulimbikitsa ndi kuthandizira ntchito zowonetsera zotenthetsera zinyalala zamitundu yambiri, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wake

ya mapulojekiti a biomass omwe amangotulutsa magetsi koma osati kutentha.

(4) BECCS (Biomass mphamvu pamodzi ndi carbon kugwidwa ndi luso yosungirako) wapereka chitsanzo kuti Chili zotsalira zazomera mphamvu magwiritsidwe

ndi kugwidwa ndi kusungidwa kwa carbon dioxide, ndi ubwino wapawiri wa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ndi mphamvu zopanda ndale za carbon.BECCS ndi nthawi yayitali

teknoloji yochepetsera umuna.Pakalipano, China ili ndi kafukufuku wochepa pankhaniyi.Monga dziko lalikulu lazakudya komanso kutulutsa mpweya,

China iyenera kuphatikizapo BECCS mu ndondomeko yolimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndikuwonjezera nkhokwe zake zamakono m'derali.