30% ya magetsi padziko lonse lapansi amachokera ku mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, ndipo China yathandizira kwambiri

Kukula kwa mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi kukufikira panjira yovuta kwambiri.

Pa Meyi 8, malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa kwambiri kuchokera ku tanki yoganiza zamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi Ember: Mu 2023, chifukwa cha kukula kwa dzuwa ndi mphepo.

kupanga magetsi, kupangira mphamvu zamagetsi zongowonjezwdwa kudzawerengera 30% yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.

2023 ikhoza kukhala nthawi yosinthiratu pomwe kutulutsa kwa kaboni mumakampani opanga magetsi kudzakwera kwambiri.

"Tsogolo la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa lafika kale.Mphamvu ya dzuwa, makamaka, ikupita patsogolo mofulumira kuposa momwe aliyense amaganizira.Kutulutsa mpweya

kuchokera kugawo lamagetsi akuyembekezeka kufika pachimake mu 2023 - nthawi yosinthira kwambiri mbiri yamagetsi. "Mtsogoleri wa Ember Global wa Insights Dave Jones adatero.

A Yang Muyi, katswiri wofufuza za mphamvu zamagetsi ku Ember, adati pakadali pano, magetsi ambiri amphepo ndi dzuwa akhazikika kwambiri.

China ndi chuma otukuka.Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti China ipereka chithandizo chachikulu ku mphepo yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi

Kukula kwamphamvu kwa dzuwa mu 2023. Mphamvu zake zatsopano zopangira magetsi adzuwa zidapanga 51% ya dziko lonse lapansi, ndi mphepo yake yatsopano.

mphamvu inali 60%.Mphamvu ya mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo ya China komanso kukula kwa magetsi kudzakhalabe pamlingo waukulu

m'zaka zikubwerazi.

Lipotilo likuwonetsa kuti uwu ndi mwayi womwe sunachitikepo kwa mayiko omwe asankha kukhala patsogolo pakuyeretsa.

tsogolo la mphamvu.Kukula kwamagetsi koyera sikungothandiza kuti gawo lamagetsi likhale lopanda mphamvu, komanso limapereka zowonjezera

kufunikira kowonjezera magetsi ku chuma chonse, chomwe chidzakhala mphamvu yosintha kwambiri polimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya magetsi padziko lonse lapansi amachokera ku magwero a mphamvu ya carbon low

Lipoti la "2024 Global Electricity Review" lotulutsidwa ndi Ember likuchokera kumayiko ambiri (kuphatikiza zomwe zachokera ku

International Energy Agency, Eurostat, United Nations ndi madipatimenti osiyanasiyana owerengera dziko), kupereka a

kufotokoza mwachidule za machitidwe a mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi mu 2023. Lipotili likukhudza mayiko akuluakulu 80 padziko lonse lapansi,

kuwerengera 92% ya magetsi padziko lonse lapansi, komanso mbiri yakale yamayiko 215.

Malinga ndi lipotili, mu 2023, chifukwa cha kukula kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo, padziko lonse lapansi mphamvu zopangira magetsi

adzawerengera zoposa 30% kwa nthawi yoyamba.Pafupifupi 40% ya magetsi padziko lonse lapansi amachokera ku magwero amphamvu a mpweya wochepa,

kuphatikizapo mphamvu ya nyukiliya.Mphamvu ya CO2 yopangira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi yafika potsika kwambiri, 12% pansi pa nsonga yake mu 2007.

Mphamvu ya solar ndiye gwero lalikulu la kukula kwa magetsi mu 2023 komanso chowunikira pakukula kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.Mu 2023,

mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi yopangira mphamvu ya dzuwa idzakhala yoposa kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu ya malasha.Mphamvu za dzuwa zinasunga malo ake

monga gwero lomwe likukula mwachangu kwambiri kwa chaka cha 19 motsatizana ndikupitilira mphepo ngati gwero lalikulu kwambiri lamagetsi.

magetsi kwa chaka chachiwiri motsatizana.Mu 2024, magetsi adzuwa akuyembekezeka kufika pamtunda watsopano.

Lipotilo lidanenanso kuti kuyeretsa kowonjezera mu 2023 kukadakhala kokwanira kuchepetsa kupanga magetsi otsalira

ndi 1.1%.Komabe, chilala m’madera ambiri padziko lapansi m’chaka chathachi chapangitsa kuti magetsi ayambe kupangidwa ndi madzi

kufika pamlingo wotsikitsitsa m'zaka zisanu.Kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi kwapangidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa malasha, komwe kwachitika

zadzetsa kukwera kwa 1% kwa gawo lamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.Mu 2023, 95% ya kukula kwa magetsi a malasha kudzachitika mu zinayi

maiko omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilala: China, India, Vietnam ndi Mexico.

A Yang Muyi adati pomwe dziko lapansi likuwona kufunika kokulirapo pazandale, mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka

nawonso akuthamanga ndikuyesera kupeza.Brazil ndi chitsanzo chapamwamba.Dzikoli, lomwe kale linkadalira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi,

yakhala ikugwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana m'zaka zaposachedwa.Chaka chatha, mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa

adawerengera 21% yamagetsi aku Brazil, poyerekeza ndi 3.7% yokha mu 2015.

Africa ilinso ndi mphamvu zazikulu zopangira mphamvu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito popeza ndi kwawo kwa munthu mmodzi mwa anthu asanu padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ili ndi mphamvu zambiri zoyendera dzuwa

kuthekera, koma dera pano limakopa 3% yokha ya ndalama padziko lonse lapansi.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, kufunikira kwa magetsi padziko lonse lapansi kudzakwera kwambiri mu 2023, ndikuwonjezeka kwa magetsi.

627TWh, yofanana ndi zofuna zonse zaku Canada.Komabe, kukula kwapadziko lonse mu 2023 (2.2%) kuli pansi pa avareji posachedwapa

zaka, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kufunikira kwa mayiko a OECD, makamaka United States (-1.4%) ndi European

Union (-3.4%).Mosiyana ndi izi, kufunikira ku China kudakula mwachangu (+ 6.9%).

Kupitilira theka la kukula kwa magetsi mu 2023 kudzachokera ku matekinoloje asanu: magalimoto amagetsi, mapampu otentha,

ma electrolysers, air conditioning and data centers.Kufalikira kwa matekinolojewa kudzafulumizitsa kufunika kwa magetsi

kukula, koma chifukwa kuyika magetsi kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri kuposa mafuta oyaka, mphamvu zonse zidzatsika.

Komabe, lipotilo lidawonetsanso kuti chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magetsi, kupanikizika komwe kumabwera chifukwa chaukadaulo.

monga luntha lochita kupanga likuwonjezeka, ndipo kufunikira kwa firiji kwawonjezeka kwambiri.Zikuyembekezeka kuti

kufunikira kudzathamanga m'tsogolomu, zomwe zimadzutsa funso la magetsi oyera.Kodi kukula kungafikire

kukula kwa kufunikira kwa magetsi?

Chofunikira pakukula kwamagetsi ofunikira ndikuwongolera mpweya, komwe kudzakhala pafupifupi 0.3%

za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magetsi padziko lonse lapansi mu 2023. Kuyambira 2000, kukula kwake kwapachaka kwakhala kokhazikika pa 4% (kukwera mpaka 5% pofika 2022).

Komabe, kusagwira ntchito bwino kumakhalabe vuto lalikulu chifukwa, ngakhale pali kusiyana kochepa, ma air conditioners ambiri amagulitsidwa

padziko lonse lapansi ndi theka lokhalo logwira ntchito ngati luso lamakono.

Malo opangira ma data amathandizanso kwambiri pakuyendetsa kufunikira kwapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikuthandizira kukula kwamagetsi

2023 ngati mpweya (+90 TWh, +0.3%).Ndi kukula kwapakati pachaka kufunikira kwa mphamvu m'malo awa kufika pafupifupi

17% kuyambira 2019, kugwiritsa ntchito makina oziziritsa amakono kumatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi pakatikati pa data ndi 20%.

A Yang Muyi adati kuthana ndi kufunikira kwa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zomwe zikukumana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi.

Ngati muganizira zofunikira zowonjezera zomwe zidzabwere kuchokera ku mafakitale ochotsera mpweya kudzera mumagetsi, magetsi

kukula kofunikira kudzakhala kokulirapo.Kuti magetsi oyera akwaniritsidwe kufunikira kwa magetsi, pali zigawo ziwiri zofunika:

kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi pamtengo wamtengo wapatali (makamaka m'machitidwe omwe akubwera

mafakitale aukadaulo omwe amafunikira kwambiri magetsi).

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa kufunikira kwamphamvu kwamagetsi oyera.Pa nyengo ya 28 ya United Nations Climate

Kusintha Msonkhano ku Dubai, atsogoleri apadziko lonse adalonjeza kuti adzawonjezera kawiri pachaka mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu ndi 2030. Izi

kudzipereka ndikofunikira pakumanga tsogolo lamagetsi laukhondo chifukwa zidzathetsa kupanikizika pa gridi.

Nyengo yatsopano ya kuchepa kwa mpweya wochokera ku makampani opanga magetsi idzayamba

Ember akuneneratu kutsika pang'ono kwa magetsi opangira mafuta mu 2024, zomwe zikuyambitsa kutsika kwakukulu m'zaka zotsatila.

Kukula kofunikira mu 2024 kukuyembekezeka kukhala kokwera kuposa mu 2023 (+968 TWh), koma kukula mukupanga mphamvu zoyera

akuyembekezeka kukhala wamkulu (+1300 TWh), zomwe zikuthandizira kutsika kwa 2% pakupanga mafuta padziko lonse lapansi (-333 TWh).Zoyembekezeredwa

kukula kwa magetsi oyera kwapatsa anthu chidaliro kuti nyengo yatsopano yakugwa kwa mpweya wochokera kugawo lamagetsi ndi

zayamba.

Pazaka khumi zapitazi, kutumizidwa kwa magetsi oyera, motsogozedwa ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo, kwachedwetsa kukula.

za mphamvu zopangira mafuta amafuta pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse.Zotsatira zake, mafuta opangira mafuta amapangira mphamvu mu theka lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi

idadutsa pachimake pafupifupi zaka zisanu zapitazo.Mayiko a OECD akutsogola, ndikutulutsa mphamvu zonse zagawo lamagetsi

idakwera kwambiri mu 2007 ndikutsika ndi 28% kuyambira pamenepo.

Zaka khumi zikubwerazi, kusintha kwa mphamvu kudzalowa mu gawo latsopano.Pakadali pano, mafuta opangira mafuta akugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi

akuyenera kupitilirabe kutsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uchepe kuchokera ku gawoli.Pazaka khumi zikubwerazi, kuchuluka kwa ukhondo

magetsi, motsogozedwa ndi dzuwa ndi mphepo, akuyembekezeka kupitilira kukula kwa mphamvu zamagetsi ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta

ndi mpweya.

Izi ndizofunikira kuti tikwaniritse zolinga zapadziko lonse zakusintha kwanyengo.Kusanthula kangapo kwapeza kuti gawo lamagetsi

Ayenera kukhala oyamba kupanga decarbonise, ndi cholinga ichi kuti chikwaniritsidwe pofika 2035 m'maiko OECD ndi 2045 mu

dziko lonse.

Gawo lamagetsi pakadali pano lili ndi mpweya wambiri wotulutsa mpweya kuposa mafakitale aliwonse, zomwe zimapanga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu azinthu zokhudzana ndi mphamvu

CO2 mpweya.Sikuti magetsi oyeretsa amatha kulowa m'malo mwamafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano pamainjini agalimoto ndi mabasi, ma boilers, ng'anjo.

ndi ntchito zina, ndikofunikanso kuti decarbonizing zoyendera, kutentha ndi mafakitale ambiri.Kufulumizitsa kusintha

toa chuma choyeretsedwa ndi magetsi choyendetsedwa ndi mphepo, sola ndi magwero ena abwino amagetsi adzalimbikitsa chuma nthawi imodzi

kukula, kuonjezera ntchito, kusintha mpweya wabwino ndi kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya mphamvu, kupeza ubwino wambiri.

Ndipo momwe mpweya umatsikira mwachangu zimatengera momwe mphamvu zoyera zimapangidwira mwachangu.Dziko lafika pa mgwirizano pa

ndondomeko yofuna kuchepetsa mpweya.Pamsonkhano wa United Nations Climate Change (COP28) Disembala watha,

Atsogoleri adziko lonse adafika pa mgwirizano wa mbiriyakale woti azitha kupanga mphamvu zowonjezera katatu padziko lonse pofika chaka cha 2030.

gawo la padziko lonse la magetsi ongowonjezwdwa kufika pa 60% pofika chaka cha 2030, pafupifupi theka la mpweya wochokera kumakampani opanga magetsi.Atsogoleri nawonso

adagwirizana pa COP28 kuti achulukitse mphamvu zamagetsi pachaka pofika chaka cha 2030, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa kuthekera kokwanira kwamagetsi.

komanso kupewa kukula kwamphamvu kwa magetsi.

Ngakhale kuti magetsi amphepo ndi dzuwa akukula mofulumira, kodi kusungirako mphamvu ndi luso la grid lingapitirire bwanji?Pamene a

gawo la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa mphamvu zopangira magetsi zikuchulukirachulukira, momwe angatsimikizire kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwa mphamvu

m'badwo?Yang Muyi adati kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi kusinthasintha kwamagetsi ku

dongosolo lamagetsi Kukonzekera koyenera ndi kulumikizana kwa gridi kumafunika, ndikuwunika kusinthasintha kwamagetsi.Kusinthasintha

kumakhala kofunikira pakuyanjanitsa gululi pamene mibadwo yodalira nyengo, monga mphepo ndi dzuwa, ipitilira kapena kugwa

pansi pakufunika kwa mphamvu.

Kupititsa patsogolo kusinthasintha kwamagetsi kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo, kuphatikizapo kumanga malo osungirako mphamvu,

kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha gridi, kukulitsa kusintha kwa msika wamagetsi, ndikulimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali pazofunikira.

Kugwirizana kwa zigawo ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kugawana bwino kwazinthu zotsalira ndi zotsalira ndi

madera oyandikana nawo.Izi zichepetsa kufunikira kowonjezera mphamvu zapaderalo.Mwachitsanzo, India ikukhazikitsa mgwirizano wamsika

njira zowonetsetsa kuti magetsi agawidwe bwino m'malo ofunikira, kulimbikitsa gridi yokhazikika ndi

kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso kudzera munjira zamsika.

Lipotilo likuwonetsa kuti ngakhale maukadaulo ena anzeru a gridi ndi batri ali kale apamwamba kwambiri ndipo atumizidwa ku

sungani kukhazikika kwa kupanga mphamvu zoyera, kufufuza kwina kwa matekinoloje osungirako nthawi yayitali kudakali kofunikira

kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu ndi mphamvu zamachitidwe amagetsi amtsogolo.

China imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri

Kuwunika kwa lipotilo kukuwonetsa kuti kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa: boma lapamwamba lofuna kutchuka.

zolinga, njira zolimbikitsira, mapulani osinthika ndi zinthu zina zofunika zimalimbikitsa kukula kofulumira kwa dzuwa ndi mphepo

kupanga mphamvu.

Lipotilo likuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwunika momwe zinthu ziliri ku China: China imachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri polimbikitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi.

China ndiye mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi pakupanga magetsi amphepo ndi dzuwa, omwe ali ndi m'badwo waukulu kwambiri komanso wapamwamba kwambiri pachaka

kukula mu zaka zoposa khumi.Ikuchulukirachulukira kutulutsa mphamvu kwamphepo ndi dzuwa pa liwiro la breakneck, ndikusintha

waukulu padziko lonse mphamvu dongosolo.M'chaka cha 2023 chokha, dziko la China lidzapereka zoposa theka la mphamvu zatsopano za mphepo ndi dzuwa

kupanga, kuwerengera 37% ya mphamvu zamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi za dzuwa ndi mphepo.

Kukula kwa mpweya wochokera kugawo lamagetsi ku China kwatsika m'zaka zaposachedwa.Kuyambira 2015, kukula kwa mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa

ku China adathandizira kwambiri kuti mpweya wochokera kugawo lamphamvu mdzikolo ukhale wotsika ndi 20% kuposa momwe ungakhalire.

mwinamwake kukhala.Komabe, ngakhale kukula kwakukulu kwa China pakukula kwa mphamvu zoyera, mphamvu zoyera zimangogwira 46% yokha.

ya kufunikira kwa magetsi atsopano mu 2023, malasha akadali 53%.

2024 idzakhala chaka chovuta kwambiri kuti China ifike pachimake cha mpweya wochokera kumakampani opanga magetsi.Chifukwa cha liwiro ndi sikelo

wa zomangamanga China woyera mphamvu, makamaka mphepo ndi dzuwa mphamvu, China mwina afika kale pachimake

zotulutsa zamagetsi mu 2023 kapena zifika pachimake mu 2024 kapena 2025.

Kuonjezera apo, pamene China yapita patsogolo kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu zoyera ndi kulimbikitsa chuma chake, zovuta

kukhalabe ngati mphamvu ya kaboni yamagetsi yaku China yopangira magetsi imakhalabe yayikulu kuposa kuchuluka kwapadziko lonse lapansi.Izi zikuwonetsa

kufunika kopitirizabe kukulitsa mphamvu zoyera.

Potengera zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, chitukuko cha China pagawo lamagetsi chikuwongolera kusintha kwapadziko lonse lapansi.tion

kuyeretsa mphamvu.Kukula kwachangu kwamphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa kwapangitsa China kukhala gawo lalikulu pakuyankha kwapadziko lonse lapansi pamavuto anyengo.

Mu 2023, mphamvu yaku China yopangira magetsi adzuwa ndi mphepo ipanga 37% yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi, ndikuwotchedwa ndi malasha.

kupanga magetsi kudzawerengera theka la mphamvu zopangira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi.Mu 2023, China idzawerengera zambiri

kuposa theka la mphamvu zatsopano zopangira mphepo ndi dzuwa.Popanda kukula kwa mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa

kuyambira 2015, zotulutsa zamagetsi ku China zikadakwera ndi 21% mu 2023.

Christina Figueres, mlembi wamkulu wakale wa UNFCCC, adati: "Nthawi yamafuta amafuta yafika pakufunika komanso kosapeŵeka.

kutha, monga momwe lipotilo likufotokozera momveka bwino.Izi ndizovuta kusintha: zaka zana zapitazi Zaukadaulo Zachikale zomwe sizingathe

kupikisana kwanthawi yayitali ndi luso lachidziwitso komanso kutsika kwa mtengo wamagetsi ongowonjezwdwa ndi kusungirako kupangitsa kuti zonse zitheke.

ife ndi dziko lomwe tikukhalamo bwino chifukwa cha izo. "